Peer reviewed research publications

Ambulance Victoria's Centre for Research and Evaluation is an international leader in pre-hospital emergency care, health services and resuscitation research.

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Published by:
Ambulance Victoria
Date:
28 Nov 2024

Over the past decade, Ambulance Victoria has contributed to more than 500 research publications.

2023 Peer reviewed research publications

Published online in 2023

  1. Armour R, Ghamarian E, Helmer J, Buick JE, Thorpe K, Austin M, Bacon J, Boutet M, Cournoyer A, Dionne R, Goudie M, Lin S, Welsford M, Grunau B. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian emergency medical system management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective cohort study. Resuscitation. 2024;194.
  2. Bagot KL, Purvis T, Hancock S, Zhao H, Coote S, Easton D, Campbell BC, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Foster S, Langenberg F, Smith K, Stephenson M, Bernard S, McGowan S, Yan B, Mitchell P, Middleton S, Cadilhac DA. Sustaining a New Model of Acute Stroke Care: A Mixed-Method Process Evaluation of the Melbourne Mobile Stroke Unit. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2023;12(1):1-13.
  3. Bagot KL, Purvis T, Hancock S, Zhao H, Coote S, Easton D, Campbell BCV, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Foster S, Langenberg F, Smith K, Stephenson M, Bernard S, McGowan S, Yan B, Mitchell P, Middleton S, Cadilhac DA. Interdisciplinary interactions, social systems and technical infrastructure required for successful implementation of mobile stroke units: A qualitative process evaluation. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2023;29(3):495-512.
  4. Batchelor P, Bernard S, Gantner D, Udy A, Board J, Fitzgerald M, Skeers P, Battistuzzo C, Stephenson M, Smith K, Nunn A. Immediate Cooling and Early Decompression for the Treatment of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Safety and Feasibility Study. Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management. 2023;13(2):77-85.
  5. Berg KM, Bray JE, Ng K-C, Liley HG, Greif R, Carlson JN, Morley PT, Drennan IR, Smyth M, Scholefield BR, Weiner GM, Cheng A, Djärv T, Abelairas-Gómez C, Acworth J, Andersen LW, Atkins DL, Berry DC, Bhanji F, Bierens J, Couto TB, Borra V, Böttiger BW, Bradley RN, Breckwoldt J, Cassan P, Chang W-T, Charlton NP, Chung SP, Considine J, Costa-Nobre DT, Couper K, Dainty KN, Dassanayake V, Davis PG, Dawson JA, Almeida MFd, Caen ARD, Deakin CD, Dicker B, Douma MJ, Eastwood K, El-Naggar W, Fabres JG, Fawke J, Fijacko N, Finn JC, Flores GE, Foglia EE, Folke F, Gilfoyle E, Goolsby CA, Granfeldt A, Guerguerian A-M, Guinsburg R, Hatanaka T, Hirsch KG, Holmberg MJ, Hosono S, Hsieh M-J, Hsu CH, Ikeyama T, Isayama T, Johnson NJ, Kapadia VS, Kawakami MD, Kim H-S, Kleinman ME, Kloeck DA, Kudenchuk P, Kule A, Kurosawa H, Lagina AT, Lauridsen KG, Lavonas EJ, Lee HC, Lin Y, Lockey AS, Macneil F, Maconochie IK, Madar RJ, Hansen CM, Masterson S, Matsuyama T, McKinlay CJD, Meyran D, Monnelly V, Nadkarni V, Nakwa FL, Nation KJ, Nehme Z, Nemeth M, Neumar RW, Nicholson T, Nikolaou N, Nishiyama C, Norii T, Nuthall GA, Ohshimo S, Olasveengen TM, Ong Y-KG, Orkin AM, Parr MJ, Patocka C, Perkins GD, Perlman JM, Rabi Y, Raitt J, Ramachandran S, Ramaswamy VV, Raymond TT, Reis AG, Reynolds JC, Ristagno G, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Roehr CC, Rüdiger M, Sakamoto T, Sandroni C, Sawyer TL, Schexnayder SM, Schmölzer GM, Schnaubelt S, Semeraro F, Singletary EM, Skrifvars MB, Smith CM, Soar J, Stassen W, Sugiura T, Tijssen JA, Topjian AA, Trevisanuto D, Vaillancourt C, Wyckoff MH, Wyllie JP, Yang C-W, Yeung J, Zelop CM, Zideman DA, Nolan JP, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman SB, Castrén M, Chong S, Claesson A, Dunne CL, Ersdal HL, Finan E, Fuerch J, Fukuda T, Ganesan SL, Gately C, Gray S, Halamek LP, Hoover AV, Kollander L, Kamlin CO, Koo M, Li L, Leone TA, Mecrow s, Montgomery W, Ristau P, Jayashree M, Quek BH, Schmidt A, Scquizzato T, Seesink J, Sempsrott J, Shah BA, Strand ML, Szpilman D, Szyld E, Thio M, Thom O, Tobin JM, Udaeta E, Webber J, Webster HK, Wellsford M, Yamada NK. 2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces. Circulation. 2023;148(24):e187-e280.
  6. Bernard S, Bray J. Lower vs Higher Oxygen Saturation Targets and Survival to Hospital Discharge Among Patients Resuscitated After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest - Reply. JAMA. 2023;329(9):767.
  7. Bloom JE, Partovi A, Bernard S, Okyere D, Heritier S, Mahony E, Eliakundu AL, Dawson LP, Voskoboinik A, Anderson D, Ball J, Chan W, Kaye DM, Nehme Z, Stub D. Use of a novel smartphone-based application tool for enrolment and randomisation in pre-hospital clinical trials. Resuscitation. 2023;187.
  8. Bolster J, Armour R, O’Toole M, Lysko M, Batt AM. The paramedic role in caring for people who use illicit and controlled drugs: A scoping review. Paramedicine. 2023;20(4):117-27.
  9. Bourke EM, Douglas N, Wilson CL, Anderson D, Nehme Z, Babl FE. Acute Severe Behavioral Disturbance Requiring Parenteral Sedation in Pediatric Mental Health Presentations to Emergency Medical Services: A Retrospective Chart Review. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2023;82(5):546-57.
  10. Bourke-Matas E, Bosley E, Smith K, Meadley B, Bowles KA. Developing a consensus-based definition of out-of-hospital clinical deterioration: A Delphi study. Australian Critical Care. 2023;37(2):318-325
  11. Bray J, Howell S, Nehme Z, Buttery A, Stub D, Cartledge S, Finn J. Declining Public Awareness of Heart Attack Warning Symptoms in the Years Following an Australian Public Awareness Campaign: A Cross-Sectional Study. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2023;32(4):497-505.
  12. Bray JE, Nehme Z, Finn JC, Kasza J, Clark RA, Stub D, Cadilhac DA, Buttery AK, Woods J, Kim J, Smith BJ, Smith K, Cartledge S, Beauchamp A, Dodge N, Walker T, Flemming-Judge E, Chow C, Stewart M, Cox N, van Gaal W, Nadurata V, Cameron P. A protocol for the Heart Matters stepped wedge cluster randomised trial: The effectiveness of heart attack education in regions at highest-risk. Resuscitation Plus. 2023;15:100431.
  13. Bray JE, Smith CM, Nehme Z. Community Volunteer Responder Programs in Cardiac Arrest: The Horse Has Bolted, It’s Time to Optimize. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2023;82(3):211-3.
  14. Chatoor R, Sekhar P, Mahony E, Nehme E, Cox S, Cudini D, Shao J, Smith K, Anderson D, Nehme Z, Udy A. The burden and prognostic significance of suspected sepsis in the prehospital setting: A state-wide population-based cohort study. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2024;36(3):348-55.
  15. Chung SP, Nehme Z, Johnson NJ, Lagina A, Bray J. Effects of personal protective equipment on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and outcomes: A systematic review. Resuscitation Plus. 2023;14:100398.
  16. Clark AB, Coates AM, Choi T, Meadley B, Bowles K-A, Bonham MP. The Effect of Commencing Rotating Shift Work on Diet and Body Composition Changes in Graduate Paramedics: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2023;28(4):609-19.
  17. Coomber K, Miller PG, Killian JJ, Ogeil RP, Beard N, Lubman DI, Baldwin R, Smith K, Scott D. Description of Trends over the Week in Alcohol-Related Ambulance Attendance Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023;20(8).
  18. Couper K, Masterson S, Nehme Z. Resuscitation Plus Special Issue: Cardiac arrest research. Resuscitation Plus. 2023;15.
  19. Craig S, Delardes B, Nehme Z, Wilson C, Dalziel S, Nixon GM, Powell C, Graudins A, Babl FE. Acute paediatric asthma treatment in the prehospital setting: a retrospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(6):e073029.
  20. Curtis M, Wilkinson AL, Dietze P, Stewart AC, Kinner SA, Cossar RD, Nehme E, Aitken C, Walker S, Butler T, Winter RJ, Smith K, Stoove M. Prospective study of retention in opioid agonist treatment and contact with emergency healthcare following release from prisons in Victoria, Australia. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2023;40(5):347.
  21. Dawson L, Nehme E, Nehme Z, Zomer E, Bloom J, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor A, Kaye D, Cullen L, Smith K, Stub D. Healthcare cost burden of acute chest pain presentations. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2023;40(6):437-43.
  22. Dawson LP, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Bloom J, Okyere D, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. Risk-standardized mortality metric to monitor hospital performance for chest pain presentations. European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. 2023;9(6):583-91.
  23. Dawson LP, Nehme E, Burchill LJ, Nehme Z, O'Brien J, Bloom J, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. Chest pain epidemiology and care quality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Victoria, Australia: a population-based cohort study from 2015 to 2019. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific. 2023;38.
  24. Dawson LP, Nehme E, Nehme Z, Davis E, Bloom J, Cox S, Nelson AJ, Okyere D, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Nicholls SJ, Cullen L, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. Sex Differences in Epidemiology, Care, and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Chest Pain. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2023;81(10):933-45.
  25. Dawson LP, Nehme E, Nehme Z, Zomer E, Bloom J, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Ball J, Zhou J, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Horrigan M, Chew DP, Kaye D, Cullen L, Mihalopoulos C, Smith K, Stub D. Chest Pain Management Using Prehospital Point-of-Care Troponin and Paramedic Risk Assessment. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2023;183(3):203-11.
  26. Delardes B, Prakash S, Smith K, Chakraborty S, Bowles K-A. Rates of general practitioner attendance following paramedic-to-general practitioner referral in Victoria, Australia. Paramedicine. 2023;20(3):79-88.
  27. Eastwood K, Johnson M, Williams J, Batt AM, Tavares W. Paramedicine: An evolving identity. Paramedicine. 2023;20(6):177-80.
  28. Fernando H, Nehme Z, Dinh D, Andrew E, Brennan A, Shi W, Bloom J, Duffy SJ, Shaw J, Peter K, Nadurata V, Chan W, Layland J, Freeman M, Van Gaal W, Bernard S, Lefkovits J, Liew D, Stephenson M, Smith K, Stub D. Impact of prehospital opioid dose on angiographic and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2023;40(2):101.
  29. Fernando H, Nehme Z, Milne C, O’Brien J, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Myles PS, Lefkovits J, Peter K, Brennan A, Dinh D, Andrew E, Taylor AJ, Smith K, Stub D. LidocAine Versus Opioids In MyocarDial infarction: the AVOID-2 randomized controlled trial. European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2023;12(1):2-11.
  30. Gao L, Parsons M, Churilov L, Zhao H, Campbell BCV, Yan B, Mitchell P, Coote S, Langenberg F, Smith K, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Davis SM, Donnan G, Easton D, Bivard A. Cost-effectiveness of tenecteplase versus alteplase for stroke thrombolysis evaluation trial in the ambulance. European Stroke Journal. 2023;8(2):448-55.
  31. Goel V, Bloom JE, Dawson L, Shirwaiker A, Bernard S, Nehme Z, Donner D, Hauw-Berlemont C, Vilfaillot A, Chan W, Kaye DM, Spaulding C, Stub D. Early versus deferred coronary angiography following cardiac arrest. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation Plus. 2023;14.
  32. Haskins B, Nehme Z, Andrew E, Bernard S, Cameron P, Smith K. One-year quality-of-life outcomes of cardiac arrest survivors by initial defibrillation provider. Heart. 2023;109(18):1363-71.
  33. Hayley AC, Ogeil RP, Faulkner A, Beard N, Downey LA, Smith K, Lubman DI, Scott D. The Incidence and Temporal Patterns of Use of Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use in Traffic-Related Ambulance Attendances From 2015 to 2020 in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 2023;84(1):128-36.
  34. Hennelly D, Deasy C, Jennings P, O'Donnell C, Masterson S. The Development of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services in the Republic of Ireland. Air Medical Journal. 2023;42(3):150-6.
  35. Howell S, Smith K, Finn J, Cameron P, Ball S, Bosley E, Doan T, Dicker B, Faddy S, Nehme Z, Swain A, Thorrowgood M, Thomas A, Perillo S, McDermott M, Smith T, Bray J. The development of a risk-adjustment strategy to benchmark emergency medical service (EMS) performance in relation to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Australia and New Zealand. Resuscitation. 2023;188.
  36. Hunt B, Zhao H, Cassidy A, Peart S, Olaussen A. Diagnostic Accuracy of Posterior Circulation Stroke by Paramedics: A Systematic Review. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2024;28(6):823-31.
  37. Johnston T, Armour R, Muinoi G, Helmer J, Bilton N. Characteristics and paramedic management of patients enrolled in a novel assess, see, treat and refer palliative care clinical pathway: A retrospective descriptive cohort study. Paramedicine. 2023;20(6):198-205.
  38. Joseph Zhi Wen W, Helen MD, Bruce CVC, Peter JM, Mark P, Thanh P, Ronil VC, Henry M, Alexandra W, Mark B, Vincent T, Essie L, Tissa W, Sharon J, Ben C, Mei Yan N, Douglas C, Rumes Kanna S, Jayantha R, Karen S, Chris B, Philip MCC. Door-in-door-out times for patients with large vessel occlusion ischaemic stroke being transferred for endovascular thrombectomy: a Victorian state-wide study. BMJ Neurology Open. 2023;5(1):e000376.
  39. Kearney J, Muir C, Smith K, Meadley B. Exploring factors associated with paramedic work-related psychological injury through data linkage. Journal of Safety Research. 2023;86:213-25.
  40. Kennedy C, Alqudah Z, Stub D, Anderson D, Nehme Z. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and survival outcomes of EMS-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2023;187.
  41. Le LK-D, Thai T, Cameron PA, Sri-Ganeshan M, O'Reilly GM, Mitra B, Nehme Z, Brichko L, Underhill A, Charteris C, Egerton-Warburton D, Mihalopoulos C. Modelled economic evaluation of a virtual emergency department in Victoria. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2023;35(6):1020-5.
  42. McGrath M, Stare M, Chua P, Ogeil R, Nehme Z, Scott D, Lubman DI. Opioid-related ambulance attendances during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia. Addiction. 2024;119(2):348-55.
  43. McGuinness SL, Eades O, Grantham KL, Zhong S, Johnson J, Cameron PA, Forbes AB, Fisher JRW, Hodgson CL, Kasza J, Kelsall H, Kirkman M, Russell GM, Russo PL, Sim MR, Singh K, Skouteris H, Smith K, Stuart RL, Trauer JM, Udy A, Zoungas S, Leder K. Mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia, May 2021 – June 2022: a longitudinal cohort study. Medical Journal of Australia. 2023;218(8):361-7.
  44. Meadley B, Humar M, Salathiel R, McManamny T. Advancing paramedicine: Error, accountability and patient safety. Paramedicine. 2023;20(6):214-8.
  45. Milne A, Hendel S, Tin D, Park C, Ciottone G. Dangerous Deception: Hoax Improvised Explosive Devices and their Impact on Prehospital Medical Care During Terrorist Attacks. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2023;38(5):693-5.
  46. Mitra B, Maiden MJ, Read D, Nehme Z, Bernard S, Cameron PA. Definitive management of near-hanging at major versus non-major trauma centres. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2023;35(5):849-54.
  47. Mitra B, Meadley B, Bernard S, Maegele M, Gruen RL, Bradley O, Wood EM, McQuilten ZK, Fitzgerald M, St Clair T, Webb A, Anderson D, Reade MC. Pre-hospital freeze-dried plasma for critical bleeding after trauma: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2023;30(10):1013-9.
  48. Navani RV, Dawson LP, Nehme E, Nehme Z, Bloom J, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. Variation in Health Care Processes, Quality and Outcomes According to Day and Time of Chest Pain Presentation via Ambulance. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2023;32(6):709-18.
  49. Nehme E, Nehme Z, Cox S, Smith K. Outcomes of paediatric patients who are not transported to hospital by Emergency Medical Services: a data linkage study. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2023;40(1):12.
  50. Nehme E, Nehme Z. Comparing the EQ-5D-3L with the EQ-5D-5L in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation. 2024;194:110070.
  51. Nehme Z, Cameron P, Nehme E, Finn J, Bosley E, Brink D, Ball S, Doan TN, Bray JE. Effect of a national awareness campaign on ambulance attendances for chest pain and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2023;191.
  52. Nehme Z, Nehme E. A burning issue in Resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2023;184.
  53. Nguyen E, Meadley B, Harris R, Rajaratnam SMW, Williams B, Smith K, Bowles K-A, Dobbie ML, Drummond SPA, Wolkow AP. Sleep and mental health in recruit paramedics: A 6-month longitudinal study. Sleep. 2023.
  54. Ogeil RP, Faulkner A, Beard N, Killian JJ, Arunogiri S, Phan V, Wilson J, Smith K, Lubman DI, Scott D. Adverse outcomes of GHB use: Analysis of ambulance attendances in metropolitan and regional Victoria. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2023;111:103932.
  55. Paratz ED, Nehme E, Burton S, Heriot N, Bissland K, Rowe S, Fahy L, Anderson D, Stub D, La Gerche A, Nehme Z. Resuscitation of people with a do-not-resuscitate order: When does it happen and what are the outcomes? Resuscitation. 2023;193.
  56. Paratz ED, Nehme E, Heriot N, Bissland K, Rowe S, Fahy L, Anderson D, Stub D, La Gerche A, Nehme Z. A two-point strategy to clarify prognosis in >80 year olds experiencing out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2023;191:109962.
  57. Paratz ED, Nehme E, Heriot N, Sundararajan V, Page G, Fahy L, Rowe S, Anderson D, Stub D, La Gerche A, Nehme Z. Sex disparities in bystander defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation Plus. 2024;17:100532.
  58. Paratz ED, Nehme Z, Stub D, Gerche AL. No Association Between Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and COVID-19 Vaccination. Circulation. 2023;147(17):1309-11.
  59. Paratz ED, Spanos C, Rowe S, Fahy L, Nehme Z, Stub D, Zentner D, James P, Pflaumer A, Connell V, Semsarian C, Ingles J, La Gerche A. Prevalence of Multiple Causes of Death Within Young and Middle-Aged People Experiencing Sudden Cardiac Arrest. Heart Lung & Circulation. 2023;32(12):1451-6.
  60. Paratz ED, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Morgan N, Smith K, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Parsons S, Rauchberger I, Stub D, La Gerche A. Sudden Cardiac Death in People With Schizophrenia: Higher Risk, Poorer Resuscitation Profiles, and Differing Pathologies. JACC Clinical Electrophysiology. 2023;9(8 Pt 1):1310-8.
  61. Perry E, Nehme E, Stub D, Anderson D, Nehme Z. The impact of time to amiodarone administration on survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation Plus. 2023;14:100405.
  62. Pilcher DV, Hensman T, Bihari S, Bailey M, McClure J, Nicholls M, Chavan S, Secombe P, Rosenow M, Huckson S, Litton E. Measuring the Impact of ICU Strain on Mortality, After-Hours Discharge, Discharge Delay, Interhospital Transfer, and Readmission in Australia With the Activity Index. Critical Care Medicine. 2023;51(12):1623-37.
  63. Prehospital Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2023;389(2):127-36.
  64. Read DJ, Wong J, Liu R, Gumm K, Anderson D. Prehospital tourniquet use in civilian extremity trauma: an Australian observational study. ANZ Journal of Surgery. 2023;93(7-8):1896-900.
  65. Richardson SAC, Anderson D, Burrell AJC, Byrne T, Coull J, Diehl A, Gantner D, Hoffman K, Hooper A, Hopkins S, Ihle J, Joyce P, Le Guen M, Mahony E, McGloughlin S, Nehme Z, Nickson CP, Nixon P, Orosz J, Riley B, Sheldrake J, Stub D, Thornton M, Udy A, Pellegrino V, Bernard S. Pre-hospital ECPR in an Australian metropolitan setting: a single-arm feasibility assessment—The CPR, pre-hospital ECPR and early reperfusion (CHEER3) study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 2023;31(1):100.
  66. Robinson N, Delorenzo A, Howell S, Smith K, Cameron P, Stock A, Eastwood K. Pediatric Distraction Tools for Prehospital Care of Pain and Distress: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2023;152(1).
  67. Ross L, Semaan E, Gosling CM, Fisk B, Shannon B. Clinical reasoning in undergraduate paramedicine: utilisation of a script concordance test. BMC Medical Education. 2023;23(1):39.
  68. Sawyer S, Cahill A, Bartlett S, Smith K, Higgins D. Do Australian Paramedics Understand Their Professional and Legal Obligations Regarding Child Abuse and Neglect? International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice. 2023;6(1):59-77.
  69. Solan T, Cudini D, Humar M, Forsyth N, Meadley B, St Clair T, Hodge D, Smith K, Babl FE, Long E. Characteristics of paediatric pre-hospital intubation by Intensive Care Paramedics. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2023;35(5):754-8.
  70. Somma V, Pflaumer A, Connell V, Rowe S, Fahy L, Zentner D, James P, Ingles J, Semsarian C, Stub D, Nehme Z, La Gerche A, Paratz ED. Epidemiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with adults. Heart Rhythm. 2023;20(11):1525-31.
  71. Sri-Ganeshan M, Mitra B, Soldatos G, Howard M, Goldie N, McGee F, Nehme Z, Underhill A, O'Reilly GM, Cameron PA. Disposition of patients utilising the virtual emergency department service in southeast region of Melbourne (SERVED-1). Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2023;35(4):553-9.
  72. Todd V, Dicker B, Okyere D, Smith K, Smith T, Howie G, Stub D, Ray M, Stewart R, Scott T, Swain A, Heriot N, Brett A, Mahony E, Nehme Z. A study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial of smartphone-activated first responders with ultraportable defibrillators in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: The First Responder Shock Trial (FIRST). Resuscitation Plus. 2023;16:100466.
  73. Trytell A, Osekowski M, Zentner D, Nehme Z, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, La Gerche A, Paratz ED. Prevalence of illicit drug use in young patients with sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm. 2023;20(10):1349-55.
  74. Tsivgoulis G, Katsanos AH, Sandset EC, Turc G, Nguyen TN, Bivard A, Fischer U, Khatri P. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: current status and future perspectives. The Lancet Neurology. 2023;22(5):418-29.
  75. Warach SJ, Ranta A, Kim J, Song SS, Wallace A, Beharry J, Gibson D, Cadilhac DA, Bladin CF, Kleinig TJ, Harvey J, Palanikumar L, Doss VT, Marescalco R, Fink JN, Tyson A, Schlick KH, Noh L, Wilson D, Figueroa S, Pech MA, Paletz LB, Lewis MK, Castro M, Sahlein DH, Lafranchise EF, Sandall J, Asif KS, Geraghty SR, Cullis PA, Malisch T, Neill TA, Lamonte MP, Campbell BCV, Wu TY. Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage With Tenecteplase vs Alteplase in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Comparative Effectiveness of Routine Tenecteplase vs Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CERTAIN) Collaboration. JAMA Neurology. 2023;80(7):732-8.
  76. Xiao X, Bloom JE, Andrew E, Dawson LP, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Anderson D, Fernando H, Noaman S, Cox S, Chan W, Kaye DM, Smith K, Stub D. Age as a predictor of clinical outcomes and determinant of therapeutic measures for emergency medical services treated cardiogenic shock. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 2023;20(1):1-10.

2022 Peer reviewed research publications

Peer reviewed research published online in 2022

  1. Alqudah Z, Smith K, Stephenson M, Walker T, Stub D, Nehme Z. The impact of a high-performance cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocol on survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests witnessed by paramedics. Resuscitation Plus. 2022;12:100334.
  2. Alrashoud A, Imtiaz A, Masmali M, Zayedi A, Jennings PA, Akkam A, Mitra B. Initial Pain Assessment and Management in Pediatric Burn Patients Presenting to a Major Trauma Center in Saudi Arabia. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2023;39(1):E20-E3.
  3. Anderson DJ, Philpot SJ. Is it ethical to use age to guide triage decisions in a pandemic? Crit Care and Resuscitation. 2022;24(2):102-5.
  4. Andrew E, Cox S, Smith K. Linking ambulance records with hospital and death index data to evaluate patient outcomes. International Journal of General Medicine. 2022;15:567-572.
  5. Ball J, Mahony E, Ray M, Nehme Z, Stub D, Smith K. No fear: Willingness of smartphone activated first responders to assist with cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic. Resuscitation Plus. 2023;13:100341.
  6. Ball J, Nehme Z, Stub D. Preventive measures and public education programmes are needed to suck the marrow out of life, but avoid choking on the bone. Resuscitation. 2022;181:170-2.
  7. Beck B, Zammit-Mangion A, Fry R, Smith K and Gabbe B. Spatiotemporal mapping of major trauma in Victoria, Australia. PLoS One. 2022; 17(7): e0266521.
  8. Bennett R, Williams B. Desirable non-technical skills for paramedicine: A Delphi study. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. 2022;19.
  9. Bernard S, Bray J, Smith K, Stephenson M, Finn J, Grantham H, Hein C, Masters S, Stub D, Perkins G, Dodge N, Martin C, Hopkins S, Cameron P. Effect of Lower vs Higher Oxygen Saturation Targets on Survival to Hospital Discharge Among Patients Resuscitated After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The EXACT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2022;328(18):1818–1826.
  10. Bernard S, Hopkins S, Ball J, Stub D, Stephenson M, Nanjayya V, Pellegrino V, Sheldrake J, Richardson A, Smith K. Outcomes of patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest transported to an ECMO centre compared with transport to non-ECMO centres. Critical Care Resuscitation. 2022;24(1).
  11. Betson JR, Kirkcaldie MTK, Zosky GR, Ross RM. Transition to shift work: Sleep patterns, activity levels, and physiological health of early-career paramedics. Sleep Health. 2022;8(5):514-20.
  12. Bivard A, Zhao H, Churilov L, Campbell BCV, Coote S, Yassi N, Yan B, Valente M, Sharobeam A, Balabanski AH, Dos Santos A, Ng JL, Yogendrakumar V, Ng F, Langenberg F, Easton D, Warwick A, Mackey E, MacDonald A, Sharma G, Stephenson M, Smith K, Anderson D, Choi P, Thijs V, Ma H, Cloud GC, Wijeratne T, Olenko L, Italiano D, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Parsons MW. Comparison of tenecteplase with alteplase for the early treatment of ischaemic stroke in the Melbourne Mobile Stroke Unit (TASTE-A): a phase 2, randomised, open-label trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2022;21(6):520-7.
  13. Bivard A, Zhao H, Coote S, Campbell B, Churilov L, Yassi N, Yan B, Valente M, Sharobeam A, Balabanski A, Dos Santos A, Ng F, Langenberg F, Stephenson M, Smith K, Bernard S, Thijs V, Cloud G, Choi P, Ma H, Wijeratne T, Chen C, Olenko L, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Parsons M. Tenecteplase versus Alteplase for Stroke Thrombolysis Evaluation Trial in the Ambulance (Mobile Stroke Unit-TASTE-A): protocol for a prospective randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, phase II superiority trial of tenecteplase versus alteplase for ischaemic stroke patients presenting within 4.5 hours of symptom onset to the mobile stroke unit. BMJ Open. 2022;12(4):e056573.
  14. Bladin CF, Bagot KL, Vu M, Kim J, Bernard S, Smith K, Hocking G, Coupland T, Pearce D, Badcock D, Budge M, Nadurata V, Pearce W, Hall H, Kelly B, Spencer A, Chapman P, Oqueli E, Sahathevan R, Kraemer T, Hair C, Stub D, Cadilhac DA. Real-world, feasibility study to investigate the use of a multidisciplinary app (Pulsara) to improve prehospital communication and timelines for acute stroke/STEMI care. BMJ Open. 2022;12(7):e052332.
  15. Bloom JE, Andrew E, Dawson LP, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Anderson D, Fernando H, Noaman S, Cox S, Milne C, Chan W, Kaye DM, Smith K, Stub D. Incidence and Outcomes of Nontraumatic Shock in Adults Using Emergency Medical Services in Victoria, Australia. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(1):e2145179-e.
  16. Bloom JE, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Beale A, Dawson LP, Shi WY, Vriesendorp PA, Fernando H, Noaman S, Cox S, Stephenson M, Anderson D, Chan W, Kaye DM, Smith K, Stub D. Gender Disparities in Cardiogenic Shock Treatment and Outcomes. American Journal of Cardiology. 2022;177:14-21.
  17. Bloom JE, Nehme Z, Andrew E, Dawson LP, Fernando H, Noaman S, Stephenson M, Anderson D, Pellegrino V, Cox S, Lefkovits J, Chan W, Kaye DM, Smith K, Stub D. Hospital characteristics are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock. Shock. 2022;58(3):204-10.
  18. Bourke-Matas E, Bosley E, Smith K, Meadley B, Bowles KA. Challenges to recognising patients at risk of out-of-hospital clinical deterioration. Australasian Emergency Care. 2023;26(1):24-9.
  19. Bray J, Howell S, Ball S, Doan T, Bosley E, Smith K, Dicker B, Faddy S, Thorrowgood M, Swain A, Thomas A, Wilson A, Shipp C, Walker T, Bailey P, Finn J. The epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Australia and New Zealand: A binational report from the Australasian Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (Aus-ROC). Resuscitation. 2022;172:74-83.
  20. Burton SO, Donovan JK, Jones SL, Meadley BN. Can Non-Physician Providers Use Ultrasound to Aid in Establishing Peripheral IV Access in Patients Who are Difficult to Cannulate? A Scoping Review. Prehospital Disaster Medicine. 2022;37(4):535-46.
  21. Burton SO, Donovan JK, Jones SL, Phillips LM, Anderson DJ, Meadley BN. Use of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by intensive care paramedics to achieve peripheral intravenous access in patients predicted to be difficult: An out-of-hospital pilot study. Australasian Emergency Care. 2023;26(2):164-8.
  22. Buscot MJ, Chandra RV, Maingard J, Nichols L, Blizzard L, Stirling C, Smith K, Lai L, Asadi H, Froelich J, Reeves MJ, Thani N, Thrift A, Gall S. Association of Onset-to-Treatment Time With Discharge Destination, Mortality, and Complications Among Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(1):e2144039.
  23. Bye R, St Clair T, Delorenzo A, Bowles KA, Smith K. Needle Cricothyroidotomy by Intensive Care Paramedics. Prehospital Disaster Medicine. 2022;37(5):625-9.
  24. Carroll M, Gao CX, Campbell TCH, Smith CL, Dimitriadis C, Berger E, Maybery D, Ikin J, Abramson MJ, Sim MR, McFarlane A, Smith K, Guo Y. Impacts of coal mine fire-related PM2.5 on the utilisation of ambulance and hospital services for mental health conditions. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2022;13(5):101415.
  25. Cartledge S, Driscoll A, Dinh D, O'Neil A, Thomas E, Brennan AL, Liew D, Lefkovits J, Stub D. Trends and Predictors of Cardiac Rehabilitation Referral Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective, Multi-Site Study of 41,739 Patients From the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry (2017-2020). Heart Lung and Circulation. 2022;31(9):1247-54.
  26. Churilov L, Bivard A, Parsons MW. Tenecteplase versus alteplase for early treatment of ischaemic stroke - Authors' reply. Lancet Neurology. 2022;21(11):959.
  27. Considine J, Eastwood K, Webster H, Smyth M, Nation K, Greif R, Dainty K, Finn J, Bray J. Family presence during adult resuscitation from cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Resuscitation. 2022;180:11-23.
  28. Coote S, Mackey E, Alexandrov AW, Cadilhac DA, Alexandrov AV, Easton D, Zhao H, Langenberg F, Bivard A, Stephenson M, Parsons MW, Campbell BCV, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Middleton S. The Mobile Stroke Unit Nurse: An International Exploration of Their Scope of Practice, Education, and Training. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 2022;54(2):61-7.
  29. Curtis M, Dietze P, Winter RJ, Rathnayake K, Smith K, Stoove M. Non-fatal opioid overdose after release from prison among men who injected drugs prior to their imprisonment: a prospective data linkage study. Medical Journal of Australia. 2023;218(2):94-95.
  30. Dawson LP, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Bloom J, Biswas S, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. Association of Socioeconomic Status With Outcomes and Care Quality in Patients Presenting With Undifferentiated Chest Pain in the Setting of Universal Health Care Coverage. Journal of the Americal Heart Association. 2022;11(7):e024923.
  31. Dawson LP, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Bloom J, Biswas S, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. Association of Socioeconomic Status With Outcomes and Care Quality in Patients Presenting With Undifferentiated Chest Pain in the Setting of Universal Health Care Coverage. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2022;11(7):e024923.
  32. Dawson LP, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Bloom J, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Guo Y, Smith K, Stub D. Temperature-related chest pain presentations and future projections with climate change. Science of the Total Environment. 2022;848:157716.
  33. Dawson LP, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Bloom J, Liew D, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Cullen L, Smith K, Stub D. Development and validation of a comprehensive early risk prediction model for patients with undifferentiated acute chest pain. International Journal of Cardiology Heart & Vasculature. 2022;40:101043.
  34. Dawson LP, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Bloom J, Okyere D, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. Incidence, diagnoses and outcomes of ambulance attendances for chest pain: a population-based cohort study. Annals of Epidemiology. 2022;72:32-9.
  35. Dawson LP, Andrew E, Stephenson M, Nehme Z, Bloom J, Cox S, Anderson D, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. The influence of ambulance offload time on 30-day risks of death and re-presentation for patients with chest pain. Medical Journal of Australia. 2022;217(5):253-9.
  36. Dawson LP, Smith K, Cullen L, Nehme Z, Lefkovits J, Taylor AJ, Stub D. Care Models for Acute Chest Pain That Improve Outcomes and Efficiency: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the Americal College of Cardiology. 2022;79(23):2333-48.
  37. Delardes B, Chakraborty S, Smith K, Bowles K-A. Development of an electronic referral proforma from paramedics to general practitioners: A Delphi study. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. 2022;19.
  38. Donovan JK, Burton SO, Jones SL, Meadley BN. Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound by Non-Physicians to Assess Respiratory Distress in the Out-of-Hospital Environment: A Scoping Review. Prehospital Disaster Medicine. 2022;37(4):520-8.
  39. Donovan JK, Burton SO, Jones SL, Phillips LM, Anderson D, Meadley BN. Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound by Intensive Care Paramedics to Assess Respiratory Distress in the Out-of-Hospital Environment: A Pilot Study. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2023;27(6):800-6.
  40. Eliakundu AL, Smith K, Kilkenny MF, Kim J, Bagot KL, Andrew E, Cox S, Bladin CF, Cadilhac DA. Linking Data From the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry With Ambulance and Emergency Administrative Data in Victoria. Inquiry. 2022;59:469580221102200.
  41. Fernando H, Nehme Z, Dinh D, Andrew E, Brennan A, Shi W, Bloom J, Duffy SJ, Shaw J, Peter K, Nadurata V, Chan W, Layland J, Freeman M, Van Gaal W, Bernard S, Lefkovits J, Liew D, Stephenson M, Smith K, Stub D. Impact of prehospital opioid dose on angiographic and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2023;40(2):101.
  42. Funder JL, Bowles K-A, Ross LJ. Diagnostic ability of a computer algorithm to identify prehospital STEMI. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2022;14(9):366-72.
  43. Gao L, Moodie M, Yassi N, Davis SM, Bladin CF, Smith K, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Churilov L, Campbell BCV, Zhao H. Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Severity-Based Triaging for Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke. Frontiers in Neurology. 2022;13.
  44. Gao L, Tan E, Kim J, Bladin CF, Dewey HM, Bagot KL, Cadilhac DA, Moodie M. Telemedicine for Stroke: Quantifying the Long-Term National Costs and Health Benefits. Frontiers in Neurology. 2022;12.
  45. Gowens P, Smith K, Clegg G, Williams B, Nehme Z. Global variation in the incidence and outcome of emergency medical services witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2022;175:120-32.
  46. Grieger JA, Habibi N, O'Reilly SL, Harrison CL, Moran LJ, Vo H, Sabir S Bsc M, Enticott J, Teede HP, Lim S Mnd P. Psychological distress and its association with intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, discretionary foods, and alcohol in women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Nutrition. 2022;103-104:111794.
  47. Harris R, Drummond SPA, Meadley B, Rajaratnam SMW, Williams B, Smith K, Bowles KA, Nguyen E, Dobbie ML, Wolkow AP. Mental health risk factors for shift work disorder in paramedics: A longitudinal study. Sleep Health. 2023;9(1):49-55.
  48. Howard J, Lipscombe C, Beovich B, Shepherd M, Grusd E, Nudell NG, Rice D, Olaussen A. Pre-hospital guidelines for CPR-Induced Consciousness (CPRIC): A scoping review. Resuscitation Plus. 2022;12:100335.
  49. Kim J, Tan E, Gao L, Moodie M, Dewey HM, Bagot KL, Pompeani N, Sheppard L, Bladin CF, Cadilhac DA. Cost-effectiveness of the Victorian Stroke Telemedicine program. Australian Health Review. 2022;46(3):294-301.
  50. Kwok JS, Fox K, Bil C, Langenberg F, Balabanski AH, Dos Santos A, Bivard A, Gardiner F, Bladin C, Parsons M, Zhao H, Coote S, Levi C, De Aizpurua H, Campbell B, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Easton D, Pang TY. Bringing CT Scanners to the Skies: Design of a CT Scanner for an Air Mobile Stroke Unit. Applied Sciences. 2022;12(3):1560.
  51. Lipscombe C, Akhlaghi H, Groombridge C, Bernard S, Smith K, Olaussen A. Intubation Rates following Prehospital Administration of Ketamine for Acute Agitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2023;27(8):1016-30.
  52. McGuinness SL, Johnson J, Eades O, Cameron PA, Forbes A, Fisher J, Grantham K, Hodgson C, Hunter P, Kasza J, Kelsall HL, Kirkman M, Russell G, Russo PL, Sim MR, Singh KP, Skouteris H, Smith KL, Stuart RL, Teede HJ, Trauer JM, Udy A, Zoungas S, Leder K. Mental Health Outcomes in Australian Healthcare and Aged-Care Workers during the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(9).
  53. McGuinness SL, Josphin J, Eades O, Clifford S, Fisher J, Kirkman M, Russell G, Hodgson CL, Kelsall HL, Lane R, Skouteris H, Smith KL, Leder K. Organizational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia: A qualitative study across four healthcare settings. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022;10.
  54. Meadley B, Rogers M, Bowles K-A, Caldwell J. The bookmark method to establish minimum performance standards for intensive care flight paramedics performing helicopter winch rescue. Applied Ergonomic. 2023;107:103934.
  55. Meadley BN, Andrews T, Delardes BJ, Shannon BP. The Evolution of Clinician-Academics in Paramedicine: Completing the Picture of Professionalism. Prehospital Disaster Medicine. 2022;37(5):574-6.
  56. Nan Tie E, Fernando H, Nehme Z, Dinh D, Andrew E, Brennan A, Zaman S, Liew D, Stephenson M, Lefkovits J, Peter K, Duffy SJ, Shaw J, Smith K, Stub D. Sex differences in prehospital analgesia in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes and their association with clinical outcomes. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2022;99(4):989-95.
  57. Nehme E, Magnuson N, Mackay L, Becker G, Wilson M, Smith K. Study of prehospital video telehealth for callers with mental health-related complaints. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2023;40(2):128.
  58. Nehme Z, Smith K. Gas asphyxiation precipitating out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A call for more data and uniform definitions. Resuscitation. 2022;175:34-5.
  59. Nguyen TP, Stirling C, Kitsos G, Nichols L, Chandra RV, Rehman S, Smith K, Mosley I, Lai L, Asadi H, Dubey A, Froelich J, Thrift AG, Gall S. Barriers and facilitators to more timely treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage across two tertiary referral centres in Australia: A thematic analysis. Australasian Emergency Care. 2022;25(3):267-72.
  60. Orman Z, Thrift AG, Olaiya MT, Ung D, Cadilhac DA, Phan T, Nelson MR, Srikanth VK, Vuong J, Bladin CF, Gerraty RP, Fitzgerald SM, Frayne J, Kim J. Quality of life after stroke: a longitudinal analysis of a cluster randomized trial. Quality of Life Research. 2022;31(8):2445-55.
  61. Paratz ED, Rowe S, Heusden Av, Smith K, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Parsons S, Stub D, Zentner D, Gerche AL. Clinical and Pathologic Features of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Pregnancy. JACC: Advances. 2022;1(4):100049.
  62. Paratz ED, van Heusden A, Ball J, Smith K, Zentner D, Morgan N, Parsons S, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, La Gerche A. Inconsistent discharge diagnoses for young cardiac arrest episodes: insights from a statewide registry. Internal Medicine Journal. 2023;53(10):1776-82.
  63. Paratz ED, van Heusden A, Smith K, Ball J, Zentner D, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Parsons S, Stub D, La Gerche A. Higher rates but similar causes of young out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in rural Australian patients. Australian Journal of Rural Health. 2022;30(5):619-27.
  64. Paratz ED, van Heusden A, Smith K, Brennan A, Dinh D, Ball J, Lefkovits J, Kaye DM, Nicholls SJ, Pflaumer A, La Gerche A, Stub D, Zentner D, James P, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, Connell V. Factors predicting cardiac arrest in acute coronary syndrome patients under 50: A state-wide angiographic and forensic evaluation of outcomes. Resuscitation. 2022;179:124-30.
  65. Paratz ED, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Morgan N, Smith K, Ball J, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, Parsons S, La Gerche A. Predictors and outcomes of in-hospital referrals for forensic investigation after young sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm. 2022;19(6):937-44.
  66. Paratz ED, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Morgan N, Smith K, Ball J, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, Parsons S, La Gerche A. Prevalence of Coronary Artery Anomalies in Young and Middle-Aged Sudden Cardiac Death Victims (from a Prospective State-Wide Registry). American Journal of Cardiology. 2022;175:127-30.
  67. Paratz ED, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Morgan N, Smith K, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Parsons S, Stub D, Gerche A. Causes, circumstances, and potential preventability of cardiac arrest in the young: insights from a state-wide clinical and forensic registry. Europace. 2022;24(12):1933-41.
  68. Pfeiffer CK, Smith K, Bernard S, Dalziel SR, Hearps S, Geis T, Kabesch M, Babl FE. Prehospital benzodiazepine use and need for respiratory support in paediatric seizures. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(8):608-15.
  69. Ross LJ, Eade A, Shannon B, Williams B. Out-of-hospital or pre-hospital: Is it time to reconsider the language used to describe and define paramedicine? Australasian Emergency Care. 2022;25(3):177-8.
  70. Shannon B, Shannon H, Bowles KA, Williams C, Andrew N, Morphet J. Health professionals' experience of implementing and delivering a Community Care' programme in metropolitan Melbourne: a qualitative reflexive thematic analysis. BMJ Open. 2022;12(7).
  71. Smith J, Andrew E, Smith K. Pre-hospital early warning scores are associated with requirement for medical retrieval services. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. 2022;19:1-9.
  72. Stephens AF, Šeman M, Nehme Z, Voskoboinik A, Smith K, Gregory SD, Stub D. Ex vivo evaluation of personal protective equipment in hands-on defibrillation. Resuscitation Plus. 2022;11:100284.
  73. Voskoboinik A, Nehme Z, Kistler PM, Stub D, Smith K. First time use of manual pressure augmentation for ventricular fibrillation arrest in the community. Resuscitation. 2022;174:31-2.
  74. Waack J, Meadley B, Gosling C. Comparison of physical demanding paramedic work tasks between an Australian and Canadian ambulance service. Applied Ergonomic. 2023;106:103905.
  75. Watt AE, Sherry NL, Andersson P, Lane CR, Johnson S, Wilmot M, Horan K, Sait M, Ballard SA, Crachi C, Beck DJ, Marshall C, Kainer MA, Stuart R, McGrath C, Kwong JC, Bass P, Kelley PG, Crowe A, Guy S, Macesic N, Smith K, Williamson DA, Seemann T, Howden BP. State-wide genomic epidemiology investigations of COVID-19 in healthcare workers in 2020 Victoria, Australia: Qualitative thematic analysis to provide insights for future pandemic preparedness. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific. 2022;25.
  76. White M, O'Reilly GM, Mitchell RD, Noonan M, Hiller R, Mitra B, Paton A, Pristupa K, Luckhoff C, Smit DV, Cameron PA. Informing the Alfred Registry for Emergency Care Project: An analysis of presenting complaint documentation in an emergency department. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2022;34(4):620-2.
  77. Zhou J, Nehme E, Dawson L, Bloom J, Nehme Z, Okyere D, Cox S, Anderson D, Stephenson M, Smith K, Kaye DM, Stub D. Epidemiology, outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients transported by ambulance for dyspnoea: A population-based cohort study. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2023;35(1):48-55.

2021 Peer reviewed research publications

Published online in 2021

  1. Alqudah Z, Nehme Z, Williams B, Oteir A, Bernard S, Smith K. Impact of a trauma-focused resuscitation protocol on survival outcomes after traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An interrupted time series analysis. Resuscitation. 2021;162:104-11.
  2. Alqudah Z, Nehme Z, Williams B, Oteir A, Smith K. Survival outcomes in emergency medical services witnessed traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after the introduction of a trauma-based resuscitation protocol. Resuscitation. 2021;168:65-74.
  3. Alrawashdeh A, Nehme Z, Williams B, Smith K, Brennan A, Dinh DT, Liew D, Lefkovits J, Stub D. Impact of emergency medical service delays on time to reperfusion and mortality in STEMI. Open Heart. 2021;8(1):e001654.
  4. Andrew E, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Walker T, Smith K. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Demand for Emergency Ambulances in Victoria, Australia. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(1):23-9.
  5. Babl FE, Tavender E, Ballard DW, Borland ML, Oakley E, Cotterell E, Halkidis L, Goergen S, Davis GA, Perry D, Anderson V, Barlow KM, Barnett P, Bennetts S, Bhamjee R, Cole J, Craven J, Haskell L, Lawton B, Lithgow A, Mullen G, O'Brien S, Paproth M, Wilson CL, Ring J, Wilson A, Leo GSY, Dalziel SR, Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT). Australian and New Zealand Guideline for Mild to Moderate Head Injuries in Children. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(2):214-31.
  6. Beck B, Tack G, Cameron P, Smith K, Gabbe B. Optimizing Trauma Systems: A Geospatial Analysis of the Victorian State Trauma System. Annals of Surgery. 2023;277(2):e406-e17.
  7. Bernard S, Roggenkamp R, Delorenzo A, Stephenson M, Smith K. Use of intramuscular ketamine by paramedics in the management of severely agitated patients. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(5):875-82.
  8. Bloom JE, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Dinh DT, Fernando H, Shi WY, Vriesendorp P, Nanayakarra S, Dawson LP, Brennan A, Noaman S, Layland J, William J, Al-Fiadh A, Brooks M, Freeman M, Hutchinson A, McGaw D, Van Gaal W, Willson W, White A, Prakash R, Reid C, Lefkovits J, Duffy SJ, Chan W, Kaye DM, Stephenson M, Bernard S, Smith K, Stub D. Pre-hospital heparin use for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is safe and improves angiographic outcomes. European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2021;10(10):1140-7.
  9. Blusztein D, Dinh D, Stub D, Dawson L, Brennan A, Reid C, Smith K, Nehme Z, Andrew E, Bernard S, Lefkovits J. Predictors of hospital prenotification for STEMI and association of prenotification with outcomes. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(9):666-71.
  10. Broder JC, Gao CX, Abramson MJ, Wolfe R, Dimitriadis C, Ikin J, Sim MR, Del Monaco A, Johnston FH, Carroll M, Brown D, Smith K, Guo Y. Long-term impact of exposure to coalmine fire emitted PM2.5 on emergency ambulance attendances. Chemosphere. 2022;288:132339.
  11. Case R, Stub D, Mazzagatti E, Pryor H, Mion M, Ball J, Cartledge S, Keeble TR, Bray JE, Smith K. The second year of a second chance: Long-term psychosocial outcomes of cardiac arrest survivors and their family. Resuscitation. 2021;167:274-81.
  12. Casey M, Perera D, Enticott J, Vo H, Cubra S, Gravell A, Waerea M, Habib G. High utilisers of emergency departments: the profile and journey of patients with mental health issues. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 2021;25(3):316-24.
  13. Cheah PK, Steven EM, Ng KK, Hashim MI, Abdul Kadir MH, Roder NP. The use of dual oxygen concentrator system for mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021;14(1).
  14. Cole J, Beare R, Phan T, Srikanth V, Stub D, Smith K, Murdoch K, Layland J. Modelling STEMI service delivery: a proof of concept study. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(9):701.
  15. Cooley SR, Zhao H, Campbell BCV, Churilov L, Coote S, Easton D, Langenberg F, Stephenson M, Yan B, Desmond PM, Mitchell PJ, Parsons MW, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Yassi N. Mobile Stroke Units Facilitate Prehospital Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 2021;52(10):3163-6.
  16. Davis S, Olaussen A, Bowles KA, Shannon B. Review article: Paramedic pain management of femur fractures in the prehospital setting: A systematic review. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(4):601-9.
  17. Delorenzo A, Shepherd M, Andrew E, Jennings P, Bernard S, Smith K. Endotracheal Tube Intracuff Pressure Changes in Patients Transported by a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service: A Prospective Observational Study. Air Medical Journal. 2021;40(4):216-9.
  18. Di Toro M, Weissbacher S, Wakeling J, Stub D. The de Winter electrocardiogram pattern in a 52-year-old-male: a case report. European Heart Journal - Case Reports. 2020;4(6):1-4.
  19. Eastwood K, Howell S, Nehme Z, Finn J, Smith K, Cameron P, Stub D, Bray JE. Impact of a mass media campaign on presentations and ambulance use for acute coronary syndrome. Open Heart. 2021;8(2):e001792.
  20. Eliakundu AL, Cadilhac DA, Kim J, Andrew NE, Bladin CF, Grimley R, Dewey HM, Donnan GA, Hill K, Levi CR, Middleton S, Anderson CS, Lannin NA, Kilkenny MF. Factors associated with arrival by ambulance for patients with stroke: a multicentre, national data linkage study. Australasian Emergency Care. 2021;24(3):167-73.
  21. Emond K, Bish M, Savic M, Lubman DI, McCann T, Smith K, Mnatzaganian G. Characteristics of Confidence and Preparedness in Paramedics in Metropolitan, Regional, and Rural Australia to Manage Mental-Health-Related Presentations: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1882.
  22. Fernando H, Duong T, Huynh K, Noonan J, Shaw J, Duffy SJ, Nehme Z, Smith K, Myles PS, Meikle PJ, Peter K, Stub D. Effects of lignocaine vs. opioids on antiplatelet activity of ticagrelor: the LOCAL trial. European Heart Journal. 2021;42(39):4025-36.
  23. Fernando H, Milne C, Nehme Z, Ball J, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Myles PS, Bray JE, Lefkovits J, Liew D, Peter K, Brennan A, Dinh D, Andrew E, Taylor AJ, Smith K, Stub D. An open-label, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial of lidocAine Versus Opioids In MyocarDial Infarction study (AVOID-2 study) methods paper. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2021;105:106411.
  24. Fernando H, Nehme Z, Peter K, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Bray JE, Myles PS, Stub R, Cameron P, Ellims AH, Taylor AJ, Kaye DM, Smith K, Stub D. Association between pre-hospital chest pain severity and myocardial injury in ST elevation myocardial infarction: A post-hoc analysis of the AVOID study. International Journal of Cardiology Heart & Vasculature. 2021;37:100899.
  25. Fouche PF, Meadley B, St Clair T, Winnall A, Jennings PA, Bernard S, Smith K. The association of ketamine induction with blood pressure changes in paramedic rapid sequence intubation of out-of-hospital traumatic brain injury. Acadademic Emergency Medicine. 2021;28(10):1134-41.
  26. Fouche PF, Meadley B, StClair T, Winnall A, Stein C, Jennings PA, Bernard S, Smith K. Temporal changes in blood pressure following prehospital rapid sequence intubation. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(6):451.
  27. Gao L, Scuffham P, Ball J, Stewart S, Byrnes J. Long-term cost-effectiveness of a disease management program for patients with atrial fibrillation compared to standard care – a multi-state survival model based on a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Economics. 2021;24(1):87-95.
  28. Han M, Yeo A, Ong M, Smith K, Lim Y, Lin N, Tan B, Arulanandam S, Ho A, Ng Q. Cardiac arrest occurring in high-rise buildings: A scoping review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021 Oct; 10(20): 4684.
  29. Haskins B, Nehme Z, Ball J, Mahony E, Parker-Stebbing L, Cameron P, Bernard S, Smith K. Comparison of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Occurring in Schools and Other Public Locations: A 12-Year Retrospective Study. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(2):179-88.
  30. Haskins B, Nehme Z, Cameron PA, Smith K. Cardiac arrests in general practice clinics or witnessed by emergency medical services: a 20-year retrospective study. Medical Journal of Australia. 2021;215(5):222-7.
  31. Haskins B, Nehme Z, Dicker B, Wilson MH, Ray M, Bernard S, Cameron P, Smith K. A binational survey of smartphone activated volunteer responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Availability, interventions, and post-traumatic stress. Resuscitation. 2021;169:67-75.
  32. Holbery-Morgan L, Carew J, Angel C, Simpson N, Steinfort D, Radford S, Murphy M, Douglas N, Johnson D. Feasibility of pulse oximetry after water immersion. Resuscitation Plus. 2021;7:100147.
  33. Hook J, Smith K, Andrew E, Ball J, Nehme Z. Daylight savings time transitions and risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An interrupted time series analysis. Resuscitation. 2021;168:84-90.
  34. Howell S, Nehme Z, Eastwood K, Battaglia T, Buttery A, Bray J. The impact of COVID-19 on the Australian public's willingness to perform hands-only CPR. Resuscitation. 2021;163:26-7.
  35. Kearney J, Muir C, Smith K. Occupational injury among paramedics: a systematic review. Injury Prevention. 2022;28(2):175.
  36. Kempster K, Howell S, Bernard S, Smith K, Cameron P, Finn J, Stub D, Morley P, Bray J. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in emergency departments. Resuscitation. 2021;166:21-30.
  37. Li C, Sotomayor-Castillo C, Nahidi S, Kuznetsov S, Considine J, Curtis K, Fry M, Morgan D, Walker T, Burgess A, Carver H, Doyle B, Tran V, Varshney K, Shaban RZ. Emergency clinicians’ knowledge, preparedness and experiences of managing COVID-19 during the 2020 global pandemic in Australian healthcare settings. Australasian Emergency Care. 2021;24(3):186-96.
  38. McManamny TE, Boyd L, Sheen J, Lowthian JA. Health initiatives to reduce the potentially preventable hospitalisation of older people in rural and regional Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2022;33(3):553-65.
  39. McManamny TE, Dwyer R, Cantwell K, Boyd L, Sheen J, Smith K, Lowthian JA. Emergency ambulance demand by older adults from rural and regional Victoria, Australia. Australasian Journal of Ageing. 2022;41(1):e74-e81.
  40. Meadley B, Bowles K-A, Smith K, Perraton L, Caldwell J. Defining the characteristics of physically demanding winch rescue in helicopter search and rescue operations. Applied Ergonomics. 2021;93:103375.
  41. Meadley B, Caldwell J, Perraton L, Bonham M, Powell Wolkow A, Smith K, Williams B, Bowles KA. Reply. Occupational Medicine. 2020;70(8):610.
  42. Meadley B, Horton E, Perraton L, Smith K, Bowles KA, Caldwell J. The physiological demands of helicopter winch rescue in water and over land. Ergonomics. 2022;65(6):828-41.
  43. Meadley B, Horton E, Pyne DB, Perraton L, Smith K, Bowles K-A, Caldwell J. Comparison of swimming versus running maximal aerobic capacity in helicopter rescue paramedics. Ergonomics. 2021;64(10):1243-54.
  44. Meadley B, Perraton L, Smith K, Bonham MP, Bowles KA. Assessment of Cardiometabolic Health, Diet and Physical Activity in Helicopter Rescue Paramedics. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(3):380-90.
  45. Meadley B, Wolkow AP, Smith K, Perraton L, Bowles KA, Bonham MP. Cardiometabolic, Dietary and Physical Health in Graduate Paramedics during the First 12-Months of Practice - A Longitudinal Study. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(4):524-36.
  46. Meadley BN, Horton E, Perraton L, Smith K, Bowles KA. Physiological Response in a Specialist Paramedic During Helicopter Winch Rescue in Remote Wilderness and Extreme Heat. Journal of Special Operations Medicine. 2021;21(3):41-4.
  47. Mion M, Case R, Smith K, Lilja G, Blennow Nordström E, Swindell P, Nikolopoulou E, Davis J, Farrell K, Gudde E, Karamasis GV, Davies JR, Toff WD, Abella BS, Keeble TR. Follow-up care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A pilot study of survivors and families' experiences and recommendations. Resuscitation Plus. 2021;7:100154.
  48. Mitra B, Bernard S, Gantner D, Burns B, Reade MC, Murray L, Trapani T, Pitt V, McArthur C, Forbes A, Maegele M, Gruen RL. Protocol for a multicentre prehospital randomised controlled trial investigating tranexamic acid in severe trauma: the PATCH-Trauma trial. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3):e046522.
  49. Naccarella L, Saxton D, Lugg E, Marley J. It takes a community to save a life in cardiac arrest: Heart safe community pilots, Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2022;33(1):99-105.
  50. Nehme Z, Ball J, Stephenson M, Walker T, Stub D, Smith K. Effect of a resuscitation quality improvement programme on outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2021;162:236-44.
  51. Nehme Z, Burns S, Ball J, Bernard S, Smith K. The impact of ventricular fibrillation amplitude on successful cardioversion, resuscitation duration, and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Critical Care Resuscitation. 2021;23(2):202-10.
  52. Nehme Z, Smith K. It's time to talk about the 'prevention of resuscitation'. Resuscitation. 2021;163:191-2.
  53. Nehme Z, Stub D, Smith K. Early transport for ECMO or on-scene resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests? Resuscitation. 2021;160:37-8.
  54. Nehme Z, Stub D. Triage of post-cardiac arrest patients: To PCI or not to PCI, that is the question. Resuscitation. 2022;170:335-8.
  55. Nielsen S, Sanfilippo PG, Scott D, Lam T, Smith K, Lubman DI. Characteristics of oxycodone-related ambulance attendances: analysis of temporal trends and the effect of reformulation in Victoria, Australia from 2013 to 2018. Addiction. 2021;116(8):2233-41.
  56. Ogeil RP, Scott D, Faulkner A, Wilson J, Beard N, Smith K, Manning V, Lubman DI. Changes in alcohol intoxication-related ambulance attendances during COVID-19: How have government announcements and policies affected ambulance call outs? The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific. 2021;14:100222.
  57. Olaussen A, Abetz J, Qin KR, Mitra B, O'Reilly G. Misleading medical literature: An observational study. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2022;34(1):39-45.
  58. Paratz ED, Smith K, Ball J, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Stub D, Liew D, La Gerche A. The economic impact of sudden cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2021;163:49-56.
  59. Pilcher D, Coatsworth NR, Rosenow M, McClure J. A national system for monitoring intensive care unit demand and capacity: the Critical Health Resources Information System (CHRIS). Medical Journal of Australia. 2021;214(7):297-8.e1.
  60. Pilcher DV, Duke G, Rosenow M, Coatsworth N, O’Neill G, Tobias TA, McGloughlin S, Holley A, Warrillow S, Cattigan C, Huckson S, Sberna G, McClure J. Assessment of a novel marker of ICU strain, the ICU Activity Index, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia. Critical Care Resuscitation. 2021;23(3):300-7.
  61. Rehman S, Chandra RV, Lai LT, Asadi H, Dubey A, Froelich J, Thani N, Nichols L, Blizzard L, Smith K, Thrift AG, Stirling C, Callisaya M, Breslin M, Reeves MJ, Gall S. Adherence to evidence-based processes of care reduces one-year mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2021;428:117613.
  62. Richardson ASC, Tonna JE, Nanjayya V, Nixon P, Abrams DC, Raman L, Bernard S, Finney SJ, Grunau B, Youngquist ST, McKellar SH, Shinar Z, Bartos JA, Becker LB, Yannopoulos D, Bˇelohlávek J, Lamhaut L, Pellegrino V. Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults. Interim Guideline Consensus Statement From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. ASAIO Journal. 2021;67(3):221-8.
  63. Schumann J, Perkins M, Dietze P, Nambiar D, Mitra B, Gerostamoulos D, Drummer OH, Cameron P, Smith K, Beck B. The prevalence of alcohol and other drugs in fatal road crashes in Victoria, Australia. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021;153:105905.
  64. Scott D, Ogeil RP, Maoyeri F, Heilbronn C, Coomber K, Smith K, Miller PG, Lubman DI. Alcohol Accessibility and Family Violence-related Ambulance Attendances. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2022;37(13-14)
  65. Sharobeam A, Yan B. Advanced imaging in acute ischemic stroke: an updated guide to the hub-and-spoke hospitals. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2022;35(1):24-30.
  66. Sharrock MK, Shannon B, Garcia Gonzalez C, Clair TS, Mitra B, Noonan M, Fitzgerald PM, Olaussen A. Prehospital paramedic pleural decompression: A systematic review. Injury. 2021;52(10):2778-86.
  67. Stehli J, Dinh D, Dagan M, Duffy SJ, Brennan A, Smith K, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Reid CM, Lefkovits J, Stub D, Zaman S. Sex Differences in Prehospital Delays in Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2021;10(13):e019938.
  68. Tan E, Gao L, Tran HN, Cadilhac D, Bladin C, Moodie M. Telestroke for acute ischaemic stroke: A systematic review of economic evaluations and a de novo cost-utility analysis for a middle income country. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2024;30(1):18-30.
  69. Ting A, Smith K, Wilson CL, Babl FE, Hopper SM. Pre-hospital intraosseous use in children: Indications and success rate. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2022;34(1):120-1.
  70. Villani M, Nehme Z, Burns S, Ball J, Smith K. Detailed post-resuscitation debrief reports: A novel example from a large EMS system. Resuscitation. 2021;162:70-2.
  71. Walker K, Jiarpakdee J, Loupis A, Tantithamthavorn C, Joe K, Ben-Meir M, Akhlaghi H, Hutton J, Wang W, Stephenson M, Blecher G, Paul B, Sweeny A, Turhan B. Emergency medicine patient wait time multivariable prediction models: a multicentre derivation and validation study. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(5):386-93.
  72. Walker KJ, Jiarpakdee J, Loupis A, Tantithamthavorn C, Joe K, Ben-Meir M, Akhlaghi H, Hutton J, Wang W, Stephenson M, Blecher G, Buntine P, Sweeny A, Turhan B. Predicting Ambulance Patient Wait Times: A Multicenter Derivation and Validation Study. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2021;78(1):113-22.
  73. Walker M, d'Arville A, Lacey J, Lancman B, Moloney J, Hendel S. Mass casualty, intentional vehicular trauma and anaesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2022;128(2):e190-e9.
  74. Witt K, Pirkis J, Scott D, Smith K, Lubman D. Trajectories in suicide attempt method lethality over a five-year period: Associations with suicide attempt repetition, all-cause, and suicide mortality. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245780.
  75. Yassi N, Zhao H, Churilov L, Campbell BCV, Wu T, Ma H, Cheung A, Kleinig T, Brown H, Choi P, Jeng JS, Ranta A, Wang HK, Cloud GC, Grimley R, Shah D, Spratt N, Cho DY, Mahawish K, Sanders L, Worthington J, Clissold B, Meretoja A, Yogendrakumar V, Ton MD, Dang DP, Phuong NTM, Nguyen HT, Hsu CY, Sharma G, Mitchell PJ, Yan B, Parsons MW, Levi C, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Tranexamic acid for intracerebral haemorrhage within 2 hours of onset: protocol of a phase II randomised placebo-controlled double-blind multicentre trial. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2022;7(2):158-65.
  76. Zhao H, Campbell BCV, Foster S, Stephenson M, Coote S, Langenberg F, Easton D, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Advances in pre-hospital care - operational experiences from the Melbourne mobile stroke unit. Vessel Plus. 2021;5:10.
  77. Zhao H, Smith K, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Ma H, Chandra RV, Phan T, Bladin CF, Churilov L, Crompton D, Dewey HM, Wijeratne T, Cloud G, Thijs V, Kleinig TJ, Ng JL, Williams C, Alemseged F, Ng F, Mitchell PJ, Parsons MW, Yassi N, Davis SM, Campbell BCV. Utility of Severity-Based Prehospital Triage for Endovascular Thrombectomy. Stroke. 2021;52(1):70-9.

2020 Peer reviewed research publications

Published online in 2020

  1. Alqahtani S, Nehme Z, Williams B, Bernard S, Smith K. Changes in the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Differences between cardiac and non-cardiac aetiologies. Resuscitation. 2020;155:125-33.
  2. Alqudah Z, Nehme Z, Alrawashdeh A, Williams B, Oteir A, Smith K. Paediatric traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2020;149:65-73.
  3. Alqudah Z, Nehme Z, Williams B, Oteir A, Bernard S, Smith K. Impact of temporal changes in the epidemiology and management of traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on survival outcomes. Resuscitation. 2021;158:79-87.
  4. Alrawashdeh A, Nehme Z, Williams B, Smith K, Stephenson M, Bernard S, Bray J, Stub D. Factors influencing patient decision delay in activation of emergency medical services for suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2020;20(3):243-51.
  5. Alrawashdeh A, Nehme Z, Williams B, Smith K, Stephenson M, Bernard S, Cameron P, Stub D. Factors associated with emergency medical service delays in suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Victoria, Australia: A retrospective study. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(5):777-85.
  6. Bagot KL, Moloczij N, Barclay-Moss K, Vu M, Bladin CF, Cadilhac DA. Sustainable implementation of innovative, technology-based health care practices: A qualitative case study from stroke telemedicine. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2020;26(1-2):79-91.
  7. Ball J, Nehme Z, Bernard S, Stub D, Stephenson M, Smith K. Collateral damage: Hidden impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest system-of-care. Resuscitation. 2020;156:157-63.
  8. Bladin CF, Kim J, Bagot KL, Vu M, Moloczij N, Denisenko S, Price C, Pompeani N, Arthurson L, Hair C, Rabl J, O'Shea M, Groot P, Bolitho L, Campbell BCV, Dewey HM, Donnan GA, Cadilhac DA. Improving acute stroke care in regional hospitals: clinical evaluation of the Victorian Stroke Telemedicine program. Medical Journal of Australia. 2020;212(8):371-7.
  9. Bloom J, Smith K, Stub D. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Resisting the inevitable. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(6):914-916
  10. Borg K, Dumas D, Andrew E, Smith K, Walker T, Haworth M, Bragge P. Ambulances are for emergencies: Shifting behaviour through a research-informed behaviour change campaign. Health Research Policy and Systems. 2020;18(1).
  11. Bray J, Nehme Z, Nguyen A, Lockey A, Finn J. A systematic review of the impact of emergency medical service practitioner experience and exposure to out of hospital cardiac arrest on patient outcomes. Resuscitation. 2020;155:134-42.
  12. Brichko L, Gaddam R, Roman C, O’Reilly G, Luckhoff C, Jennings P, Smit DV, Cameron P, Mitra B. Rapid Administration of Methoxyflurane to Patients in the Emergency Department (RAMPED) Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Methoxyflurane Versus Standard Care. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2021;28(2):164-71.
  13. Cadilhac DA, Bagot KL, Demaerschalk BM, Hubert G, Schwamm L, Watkins CL, Lightbody CE, Kim J, Vu M, Pompeani N, Switzer J, Caudill J, Estrada J, Viswanathan A, Hubert N, Ohannessian R, Hargroves D, Roberts N, Ingall T, Hess DC, Ranta A, Padma V, Bladin CF. Establishment of an internationally agreed minimum data set for acute telestroke. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2021;27(9):582-9.
  14. Campbell BCV, Ma H, Parsons MW, Churilov L, Yassi N, Kleinig TJ, Hsu CY, Dewey HM, Butcher KS, Yan B, Desmond PM, Wijeratne T, Curtze S, Barber PA, De Silva DA, Thijs V, Levi CR, Bladin CF, Sharma G, Bivard A, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Association of Reperfusion After Thrombolysis With Clinical Outcome Across the 4.5- to 9-Hours and Wake-up Stroke Time Window: A Meta-Analysis of the EXTEND and EPITHET Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Neurology. 2021;78(2):236-40.
  15. Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, Yassi N, Kleinig TJ, Dowling RJ, Yan B, Bush SJ, Thijs V, Scroop R, Simpson M, Brooks M, Asadi H, Wu TY, Shah DG, Wijeratne T, Zhao H, Alemseged F, Ng F, Bailey P, Rice H, De Villiers L, Dewey HM, Choi PMC, Brown H, Redmond K, Leggett D, Fink JN, Collecutt W, Kraemer T, Krause M, Cordato D, Field D, Ma H, O'Brien B, Clissold B, Miteff F, Clissold A, Cloud GC, Bolitho LE, Bonavia L, Bhattacharya A, Wright A, Mamun A, O'Rourke F, Worthington J, Wong AA, Levi CR, Bladin CF, Sharma G, Desmond PM, Parsons MW, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Effect of Intravenous Tenecteplase Dose on Cerebral Reperfusion before Thrombectomy in Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke: The EXTEND-IA TNK Part 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1257-65.
  16. Craig S, Cubitt M, Jaison A, Troupakis S, Hood N, Fong C, Bilgrami A, Leman P, Ascencio-Lane JC, Nagaraj G, Bonning J, Blecher G, Mitchell R, Burkett E, McCarthy SM, Rojek AM, Hansen K, Psihogios H, Allely P, Judkins S, Foong LH, Bernard S, Cameron PA. Management of adult cardiac arrest in the COVID-19 era: consensus statement from the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine. Medical Journal of Australia. 2020;213(3):126-33.
  17. de Wit AJ, Coates B, Cheesman MJ, Hanlon GR, House TG, Fisk B. Airflow Characteristics in Aeromedical Aircraft: Considerations During COVID-19. Air Medical Journal. 2021;40(1):54-9.
  18. Dietze P, Crossin R, Scott D, Smith K, Wilson J, Burgess S, Lubman DI, Cantwell K. Coding and classification of heroin overdose calls by MPDS dispatch software: Implications for bystander response with naloxone. Resuscitation. 2021;159:13-8.
  19. Dwyer RA, Gabbe BJ, Tran T, Smith K, Lowthian JA. Predictors of transport to hospital after emergency ambulance call-out for older people living in residential aged care. Australasian Journal of Ageing. 2020;39(4):350-8.
  20. Dwyer RA, Gabbe BJ, Tran T, Smith K, Lowthian JA. Residential aged care homes: Why do they call ‘000’? A study of the emergency prehospital care of older people living in residential aged care homes. EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(3):447-56.
  21. Dyson K, Baker P, Garcia N, Braun A, Aung M, Pilcher D, Smith K, Cleland H, Gabbe B. To intubate or not to intubate? Predictors of inhalation injury in burn-injured patients before arrival at the burn centre. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(2):262-9.
  22. Eastwood K, Morgans A, Smith K. Characteristics associated with emergency department suitability in low-acuity ambulance cases. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. 2020;17.
  23. Eastwood K, Nambiar D, Dwyer R, Lowthian JA, Cameron P, Smith K. Ambulance dispatch of older patients following primary and secondary telephone triage in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):e042351.
  24. Fernando H, Nehme Z, Peter K, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Bray J, Cameron P, Ellims A, Taylor A, Kaye DM, Smith K, Stub D. Prehospital opioid dose and myocardial injury in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. Open Heart. 2020;7(2):e001307.
  25. Finch A, Cox S, Bernard S, Teague W, Smith K. The epidemiology of paediatric off-road motorcycle trauma attended by emergency medical services in Victoria, Australia. Injury. 2020;51(9):2016-24.
  26. Fitzgerald M, Lendrum R, Bernard S, Moloney J, Smit DV, Mathew J, Kim Y, Nickson C, Lin RM-H, Yeung M, Bystrzycki A, Niggemeyer L, Hendel S, Mitra B. Feasibility study for implementation of resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta in peri-arrest, exsanguinating trauma at an adult level 1 Australian trauma centre. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(1):127-34.
  27. Fouche PF, Jennings PA, Boyle M, Bernard S, Smith K. Association of blood pressure changes with survival after paramedic rapid sequence intubation in out-of-hospital patients with stroke. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(1):94-9.
  28. Fouche PF, Jennings PA, Malcolm B, Bernard S, Smith K. The utility of the brain trauma evidence to inform paramedic rapid sequence intubation in out-of-hospital stroke. BMC Emergency Medicine. 2020; 20 (5):
  29. Funder J, Ross L, Ryan S. How effective are paramedics at interpreting ecgs in order to recognise stemi? A systematic review. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. 2020;17:1-9.
  30. Gao CX, Dimitriadis C, Ikin J, Dipnall JF, Wolfe R, Sim MR, Smith K, Cope M, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Impact of exposure to mine fire emitted PM2.5 on ambulance attendances: A time series analysis from the Hazelwood Health Study. Environmental Research. 2021;196:110402.
  31. Grigg J, Killian JJ, Matthews S, Scott D, Arunogiri S, Manning V, Taylor DA, Crossin R, Smith K, Lubman DI. The impact of legislation on acute synthetic cannabinoid harms resulting in ambulance attendance. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2020;79.
  32. Han HC, Parsons SA, Teh AW, Sanders P, Neil C, Leong T, Koshy AN, Vohra JK, Kalman JM, Smith K, O'Donnell D, Hare DL, Farouque O, Lim HS. Characteristic Histopathological Findings and Cardiac Arrest Rhythm in Isolated Mitral Valve Prolapse and Sudden Cardiac Death. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(7):e015587.
  33. Hannon L, St Clair T, Smith K, Fitzgerald M, Mitra B, Olaussen A, Moloney J, Braitberg G, Judson R, Teague W, Quinn N, Kim Y, Bernard S. Finger thoracostomy in patients with chest trauma performed by paramedics on a helicopter emergency medical service. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(4):650-6.
  34. Haskins B, Smith K, Cameron P, Bernard S, Nehme Z, Murphy-Smith J, Metcalf M, Moussa R, Harvey D, Turnbull L, Dyson K. The impact of bystander relation and medical training on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes. Resuscitation. 2020;150:72-9.
  35. Heschl S, Bernard S, Andrew E, Smith K. Characteristics of paediatric patients with altered conscious state attended by road ambulances in a metropolitan area — An 8 year observational study. Australasian Emergency Care. 2020;23(3):142-6.
  36. Johnson AL, Gao CX, Dennekamp M, Williamson GJ, Carroll MTC, Dimitriadis C, Dipnall JF, Ikin JF, Johnston FH, McFarlane AC, Sim MR, Stub DA, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Coal-mine fire-related fine particulate matter and medical-service utilization in Australia: A time-series analysis from the Hazelwood Health Study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2020;49(1):80-93.
  37. Khan AF, Ong H-Y, Dooreemeah D, Martens A, Foley D, Mansour KP, Loveday B, Miller FJ. Temporising the bleed: Use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta to transfer a haemorrhaging patient in regional Australia. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(2):388-9.
  38. Kim J, Easton D, Zhao H, Coote S, Sookram G, Smith K, Stephenson M, Bernard S, W Parsons M, Yan B, M Desmond P, J Mitchell P, Cv Campbell B, Donnan GA, M Davis S, Cadilhac DA. Economic evaluation of the Melbourne Mobile Stroke Unit. International Journal of Stroke. 2020;16(4):466-75.
  39. Lim SL, Smith K, Dyson K, Chan SP, Earnest A, Nair R, Bernard S, Leong BSH, Arulanandam S, Ng YY, Ong MEH. Incidence and Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Singapore and Victoria: A Collaborative Study. Journal of the Americal Heart Association. 2020;9(21):e015981.
  40. Lubman DI, Heilbronn C, Ogeil RP, Killian JJ, Matthews S, Smith K, Bosley E, Carney R, McLaughlin K, Wilson A, Eastham M, Shipp C, Witt K, Lloyd B, Scott D. National Ambulance Surveillance System: A novel method using coded Australian ambulance clinical records to monitor self-harm and mental health-related morbidity. PLoS ONE. 2020;15.
  41. Lubman DI, Matthews S, Heilbronn C, Killian JJ, Ogeil RP, Lloyd B, Witt K, Crossin R, Smith K, Bosley E, Carney R, Wilson A, Eastham M, Keene T, Shipp C, Scott D. The national ambulance surveillance system: A novel method for monitoring acute alcohol, illicit and pharmaceutical drug related-harms using coded Australian ambulance clinical records. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(1).
  42. Meadley B, Caldwell J, Perraton L, Bonham M, Wolkow AP, Smith K, Williams B, Bowles K-A. The health and well-being of paramedics - a professional priority. Occupational Medicine. 2020;70(3):149-51.
  43. Meretoja A, Yassi N, Wu TY, Churilov L, Sibolt G, Jeng JS, Kleinig T, Spratt NJ, Thijs V, Wijeratne T, Cho DY, Shah D, Cloud GC, Phan T, Bladin C, Moey A, Aviv RI, Barras CD, Sharma G, Hsu CY, Ma H, Campbell BCV, Mitchell P, Yan B, Parsons MW, Tiainen M, Curtze S, Strbian D, Tang SC, Harvey J, Levi C, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Tranexamic acid in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (STOP-AUST): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurology. 2020;19(12):980-7.
  44. Mitra B, Fogarty M, Cameron PA, Smith K, Bernard S, Burke M, Mercier E, Beck B. Cardiovascular and liver disease among pre-hospital trauma deaths: A review of autopsy findings. Trauma. 2020;23(4):301-7.
  45. Mitra B, Kumar V, O'Reilly G, Cameron P, Gupta A, Pandit AP, Soni KD, Kaushik G, Mathew J, Howard T, Fahey M, Stephenson M, Dharap S, Patel P, Thakor A, Sharma N, Walker T, Misra MC, Gruen RL, Fitzgerald MC. Prehospital notification of injured patients presenting to a trauma centre in India: A prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(6).
  46. Muller A, Dyson K, Bernard S, Smith K. Seasonal Variation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Victoria 2008–2017: Winter Peak. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2020;24(6):769-77
  47. Nehme Z, Andrew E, Bernard S, Haskins B, Smith K. Reply to: Can drones improve survival rates in mountain areas, providing automated external defibrillators? Resuscitation. 2020;146:279-80.
  48. Ogeil RP, Witt K, Scott D, Smith K, Lubman DI. Self-reported sleep disturbance in ambulance attendances for suicidal ideation and attempted suicide between 2012 and 2017. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;265:364-71.
  49. Olaussen A, Abetz JW, Smith K, Bernard S, Gaddam R, Banerjee A, Mc Entaggart L, Lim A, Clare S, Smit DV, Cameron PA, Mitra B. Paramedic streaming upon arrival in emergency department: A prospective study. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(2):286-91.
  50. O'Reilly GM, Mitchell RD, Mitra B, Akhlaghi H, Tran V, Furyk JS, Buntine P, Bannon-Murphy H, Amos T, Udaya Kumar M, Perkins E, Prentice A, Szwarcberg O, Loughman A, Lowry N, Colwell S, Noonan MP, Hiller R, Paton A, Smit DV, Cameron PA, Team tCP. Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19: A multisite report from the COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project for July 2020 (COVED-3). Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(1):114-24.
  51. O'Reilly GM, Mitchell RD, Mitra B, Noonan MP, Hiller R, Brichko L, Luckhoff C, Paton A, Smit DV, Cameron PA. Impact of patient isolation on emergency department length of stay: A retrospective cohort study using the Registry for Emergency Care. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(6):1034-9.
  52. O'Reilly GM, Mitchell RD, Mitra B, Noonan MP, Hiller R, Brichko L, Luckhoff C, Paton A, Smit DV, Cameron PA. Informing emergency care for all patients: The Registry for Emergency Care (REC) Project protocol. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(4):687-91.
  53. O'Reilly GM, Mitchell RD, Noonan MP, Hiller R, Mitra B, Brichko L, Luckhoff C, Paton A, Smit DV, Santamaria MJ, Cameron PA. Informing emergency care for COVID-19 patients: The COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project protocol. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(3):511-4.
  54. O'Reilly GM, Mitchell RD, Rajiv P, Wu J, Brennecke H, Brichko L, Noonan MP, Hiller R, Mitra B, Luckhoff C, Paton A, Smit DV, Santamaria MJ, Cameron PA. Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID-19: Initial results from the COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project (COVED-1). Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(4):638-45.
  55. O'Reilly GM, Mitchell RD, Wu J, Rajiv P, Bannon-Murphy H, Amos T, Brichko L, Brennecke H, Noonan MP, Mitra B, Paton A, Hiller R, Smit DV, Luckhoff C, Santamaria MJ, Cameron PA. Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID-19: Results from the first month of the COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project (COVED-2). Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(5):814-22.
  56. Paratz ED, Costello B, Rowsell L, Morgan N, Smith K, Thompson T, Semsarian C, Pflaumer A, James P, Stub D, La Gerche A, Zentner D, Parsons S. Can post-mortem coronary artery calcium scores aid diagnosis in young sudden death? Forensic Scienc,Medicine and Pathology. 2021;17(1):27-35.
  57. Paratz ED, Rowsell L, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Case R, Ball J, Smith K, Stub D, La Gerche A. The End Unexplained Cardiac Death (EndUCD) Registry for Young Australian Sudden Cardiac Arrest. Heart Lung & Circulation. 2021;30(5):714-20.
  58. Paratz ED, Rowsell L, Zentner D, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Smith K, Stub D, La Gerche A. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death registries: a systematic review of global coverage. Open Heart. 2020;7(1).
  59. Rehman S, Chandra RV, Zhou K, Tan D, Lai L, Asadi H, Froelich J, Thani N, Nichols L, Blizzard L, Smith K, Thrift AG, Stirling C, Callisaya ML, Breslin M, Reeves MJ, Gall S. Sex differences in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH): aneurysm characteristics, neurological complications, and outcome. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2020;162(9):2271-82.
  60. Rosenbaum E, Cox S, Smith K, Fitzgerald M, Braitberg G, Carpenter A, Bernard S. Ambulance management of patients with penetrating truncal trauma and hypotension in Melbourne, Australia. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(2):336-43.
  61. Salter H, Hutton J, Cantwell K, Dietze P, Higgs P, Straub A, Zordan R, Lloyd-Jones M. Review article: Rapid review of the emergency department-initiated buprenorphine for opioid use disorder. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(6):924-34.
  62. Scott D, Heilbronn C, Coomber K, Curtis A, Moayeri F, Wilson J, Matthews S, Crossin R, Wilson A, Smith K, Miller P, Lubman D. The feasibility and utility of using coded ambulance records for a violence surveillance system: A novel pilot study. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, Australian Government - Institute of Crime and Criminal Justice. 2020
  63. Shannon B, Pang R, Jepson M, Williams C, Andrew N, Smith K, Bowles KA. What is the prevalence of frequent attendance to emergency departments and what is the impact on emergency department utilisation? A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Emergency Medicine. 2020;15(7):1303-16.
  64. Szwarcbard N, Villani M, Earnest A, Flack J, Andrikopoulos S, Wischer N, Soldatos G, Gasevic D, Zoungas S. The association of smoking status with glycemic control, metabolic profile and diabetic complications- Results of the Australian National Diabetes Audit (ANDA). Journal of Diabetes Complications. 2020;34(9):107626.
  65. Walker K, Stephenson M, Loupis A, Ben-Meir M, Joe K, Stephenson M, Lowthian J, Yip B, Wu E, Hansen K, Rosler R, Buntine P, Hutton J. Displaying emergency patient estimated wait times: A multi-centre, qualitative study of patient, community, paramedic and health administrator perspectives. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(3):425-33.
  66. Wilson J, Lam T, Scott D, Crossin R, Matthews S, Smith K, Lubman D, Nielsen S. Extreme personl stress' and 'a lot of pain': Exploring the physical, mental and social contexts of extramedical pharmaceutical opiod use in Australian paramedic case descriptions. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2020; 39(7):870-878
  67. Zhao H, Coote S, Easton D, Langenberg F, Stephenson M, Smith K, Bernard S, Cadilhac DA, Kim J, Bladin CF, Churilov L, Crompton DE, Dewey HM, Sanders LM, Wijeratne T, Cloud G, Brooks DM, Asadi H, Thijs V, Chandra RV, Ma H, Desmond PM, Dowling RJ, Mitchell PJ, Yassi N, Yan B, Campbell BCV, Parsons MW, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Melbourne Mobile Stroke Unit and Reperfusion Therapy: Greater Clinical Impact of Thrombectomy Than Thrombolysis. Stroke. 2020;51(3):922-30.
  68. Zisis G, Huynh Q, Yang Y, Neil C, Carrington MJ, Ball J, Maguire G, Marwick TH. Rationale and design of a risk-guided strategy for reducing readmissions for acute decompensated heart failure: the Risk-HF study. ESC Heart Failure. 2020;7(5):3151-60.

2019 Peer reviewed research publications

Published online in 2019

  1. Alqahtani S, Nehme Z, Williams B, Bernard S, Smith K. Long-term trends in the epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest precipitated by suspected drug overdose. Resuscitation. 2019;144:17-24.
  2. Alqahtani S, Nehme Z, Williams B, Bernard S, Smith K. Temporal Trends in the Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Hanging-Related Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2020;24(3):369-77.
  3. Alqahtani S, Nehme Z, Williams B, Smith K. Emergency medical services and cardiac arrest from drug overdose: a protocol for a systematic review of incidence and survival outcomes. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 2019;17(4):500-6.
  4. Alqahtani S, Nehme Z, Williams B, Smith K. The incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest precipitated by drug overdose. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2019; 134: 10-18
  5. Alqudah Z, Nehme Z, Williams B, Oteir A, Bernard S, Smith K. A descriptive analysis of the epidemiology and management of paediatric traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2019;140:127-34.
  6. Alrawashdeh A, Nehme Z, Williams B, Stub D. Emergency medical service delays in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. Heart. 2020;106(5):365-73.
  7. Alrawashdeh A, Nehme Z, Williams B, Stub D. Review article: Impact of 12-lead electrocardiography system of care on emergency medical service delays in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2019;31(5):702-9.
  8. Andrew E, Nehme Z, Cameron P, Smith K. Drivers of increasing emergency ambulance demand. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2020;24(3):385.
  9. Arunogiri S, Moayeri F, Crossin R, Killian JJ, Smith K, Scott D, Lubman DI. Trends in gamma-hydroxybutyrate-related harms based on ambulance attendances from 2012 to 2018 in Victoria, Australia. Addiction. 2020;115(3):473-9.
  10. Bagot K, Moloczij N, Arthurson L, Hair C, Hancock S, Bladin CF, Cadilhac DA. Nurses’ Role in Implementing and Sustaining Acute Telemedicine: A Mixed-Methods, Pre-Post Design Using an Extended Technology Acceptance Model. Journal of Nursing Scholarships. 2020;52(1):34-46.
  11. Beck B, Smith K, Mercier E, Bernard S, Jones C, Meadley B, Clair TS, Jennings PA, Nehme Z, Burke M, Bassed R, Fitzgerald M, Judson R, Teague W, Mitra B, Mathew J, Buck A, Varma D, Gabbe B, Bray J, McLellan S, Ford J, Siedenburg J, Cameron P. Potentially preventable trauma deaths: A retrospective review. Injury. 2019;50(5):1009-16.
  12. Beck B, Smith K, Mercier E, Gabbe B, Bassed R, Mitra B, Teague W, Siedenburg J, McLellan S, Cameron P. Differences in the epidemiology of out-of-hospital and in-hospital trauma deaths. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(6):e0217158.
  13. Biswas S, Dinh D, Lucas M, Duffy SJ, Brennan A, Liew D, Cox N, Smith K, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Reid CM, Lefkovits J, Stub D. Impact of limited English proficiency on presentation and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. European Heart Journal - Quality Care and Clinical Outcomes. 2020;6(4):254-62.
  14. Borg K, Wright B, Sannen L, Dumas D, Walker T, Bragge P. Ambulances are for emergencies: shifting attitudes through a research-informed behaviour change campaign. Health Research Policy and Systems. 2019;17(1):31.
  15. Bray JE, Smith K, Hein C, Finn J, Stephenson M, Cameron P, Stub D, Perkins GD, Grantham H, Bailey P, Brink D, Dodge N, Bernard S. The EXACT protocol: A multi-centre, single-blind, randomised, parallel-group, controlled trial to determine whether early oxygen titration improves survival to hospital discharge in adult OHCA patients. Resuscitation. 2019;139:208-13.
  16. Colbeck M, Swain A, Gibson J, Parker L, Bailey P, Burke P, Caffey M, Kinnear F. Australasian paramedic clinical practice guidelines for managing cardiac arrest: an appraisal. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. 2019;16.
  17. Coomber K, Curtis A, Vandenberg B, Miller PG, Heilbronn C, Matthews S, Smith K, Wilson J, Moayeri F, Mayshak R, Lubman DI, Scott D. Aggression and violence at ambulance attendances where alcohol, illicit and/or pharmaceutical drugs were recorded: A 5-year study of ambulance records in Victoria, Australia. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2019;205:107685.
  18. Costello BT, Stub D, Hare J, Ellims AH, Wang X, Smith K, Bernard S, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Bray JE, Cameron P, Barger B, Meredith IT, Kaye DM, Iles L, Taylor AJ. Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Myocardial Scarring With Biomarker Release Following S-T Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung and Circulation. 2019;28(3):397-405.
  19. Cudini D, Smith K, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Andrew E, Cameron P, Lum M, Udy A. Can pre-hospital administration reduce time to initial antibiotic therapy in septic patients? Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2019;31(4):669-72.
  20. Curtis A, Droste N, Coomber K, Guadagno B, Mayshak R, Hyder S, Hayley A, Crossin R, Scott D, Smith K, Miller PG. The Impact of Twenty Four-Hour Public Transport in Melbourne, Australia: An Evaluation of Alcohol-Related Harms. Journal of Studies in Alcohol and Drugs. 2019;80(3):314-8.
  21. Dolerenzo A, Nehme Z, Yates J, Bernard S, Smith K. Double sequential external defibrillation for refractory ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2019; 135: 124-129
  22. Dunn MS, Beck B, Simpson PM, Cameron PA, Kennedy M, Maiden M, Judson R, Gabbe BJ. Comparing the outcomes of isolated, serious traumatic brain injury in older adults managed at major trauma centres and neurosurgical services: A registry-based cohort study. Injury. 2019;50(9):1534-9.
  23. Dyson K, Brown SP, May S, Smith K, Koster RW, Beesems SG, Kuisma M, Salo A, Finn J, Sterz F, Nürnberger A, Morrison LJ, Olasveengen TM, Callaway CW, Shin SD, Gräsner J-T, Daya M, Ma MH-M, Herlitz J, Strömsöe A, Aufderheide TP, Masterson S, Wang H, Christenson J, Stiell I, Vilke GM, Idris A, Nishiyama C, Iwami T, Nichol G. International variation in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A validation study of the Utstein template. Resuscitation. 2019;138:168-81.
  24. Eastwood D, Andrew E, Smith K, Nair R, Nehme Z, Bernard S, Dyson K. Exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Victoria, Australia. Resuscitation. 2019;139:57-64.
  25. Eastwood K, Morgans A, Stoelwinder J, Smith K. The appropriateness of low-acuity cases referred for emergency ambulance dispatch following ambulance service secondary telephone triage: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(8):e0221158.
  26. Epinephrine in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;380(4):394-8.
  27. Ferguson N, Savic M, McCann TV, Emond K, Sandral E, Smith K, Roberts L, Bosley E, Lubman DI. “I was worried if I don’t have a broken leg they might not take it seriously”: Experiences of men accessing ambulance services for mental health and/or alcohol and other drug problems. Health Expectations. 2019;22(3):565-74.
  28. Fouche PF, Smith K, Jennings PA, Boyle M, Bernard S. The association of paramedic rapid sequence intubation and survival in out-of-hospital stroke. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2019;36(7):416.
  29. Fouche PF, Stein C, Jennings PA, Boyle M, Bernard S, Smith K. Review article: Emergency endotracheal intubation in non-traumatic brain pathologies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2019;31(4):533-41.
  30. Goodwin N. “Mixed messages” — Ongoing confusion with hydrogel dressings in burn 1st aid. Commentary on the trial report from Holbert et al. 2018/19. Burns. 2019;45(7):1727-9.
  31. Haskins B, Nehme Z, Cameron P, Bernard S, Parker-Stebbing L, Smith K. Coles and Woolworths have installed public access defibrillators in all their stores: It is time other Australian businesses followed their lead. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(1):166-8.
  32. Johnson AL, Dipnall JF, Dennekamp M, Williamson GJ, Gao CX, Carroll MTC, Dimitriadis C, Ikin JF, Johnston FH, McFarlane AC, Sim MR, Stub DA, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Fine particulate matter exposure and medication dispensing during and after a coal mine fire: A time series analysis from the Hazelwood Health Study. Environmental Pollution. 2019;246:1027-35.
  33. Kearney J, Dyson K, Andrew E, Bernard S, Smith K. Factors associated with return to work among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2020;146:203-12.
  34. Koh JQS, Fernando H, Peter K, Stub D. Opioids and ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review. Heart Lung and Circulation. 2019;28(5):697-706.
  35. Lam T, Kuhn L, Hayman J, Middleton M, Wilson J, Scott D, Lubman DI, Smith K, Nielsen S. Recent trends in heroin and pharmaceutical opioid-related harms in Victoria, Australia up to 2018. Addiction. 2020;115(2):261-9.
  36. Lord B, Andrew E, Henderson A, Anderson DJ, Smith K, Bernard S. Palliative care in paramedic practice: A retrospective cohort study. Palliative Medicine. 2019;33(4):445-51.
  37. Martin LK, Lewis VJ, Clark D, Murphy MC, Edvardsson D, Stub D, Farouque O. Frontline barriers to effective paramedic and emergency nursing STEMI management: clinician perspectives. Australasian Emergency Care. 2020;23(2):126-36.
  38. Nambiar D, Pearce JW, Bray J, Stephenson M, Nehme Z, Masters S, Brink D, Smith K, Arendts G, Fatovich D, Bernard S, Haskins B, Grantham H, Cameron P. Variations in the care of agitated patients in Australia and New Zealand ambulance services. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(3):438-45.
  39. Nehme Z, Andrew E, Bernard S, Haskins B, Smith K. Trends in survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests defibrillated by paramedics, first responders and bystanders. Resuscitation. 2019;143:85-91.
  40. Nehme Z, Andrew E, Bernard S, Smith K. Reply to: Poor prognosis of female out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: A risk assessment. Resuscitation. 2019;141:210-1.
  41. Nehme Z, Andrew E, Bernard S, Smith K. Sex differences in the quality-of-life and functional outcome of cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation. 2019;137:21-8.
  42. Nehme Z, Delorenzo A, Yates J, Bernard S, Smith K. ‘Reply to:’ Importance of the distinction between recurrent and shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation: Call for a uniform definition of refractory VF. Resuscitation. 2019;138:306-7.
  43. Nehme Z, Smith K. More evidence that out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is preventable. Resuscitation. 2019;141:195-6.
  44. Nielsen S, Crossin R, Middleton M, Lam T, Wilson J, Scott D, Martin C, Smith K, Lubman D. Comparing rates and characteristics of ambulance attendances related to extramedical use of pharmaceutical opioids in Victoria, Australia from 2013 to 2018. Addiction. 2020;115(6):1075-87.
  45. Nielsen S, Crossin R, Middleton M, Martin C, Wilson J, Lam T, Scott D, Smith K, Lubman D. Comparing rates and characteristics of ambulance attendances related to extramedical use of pharmaceutical opioids in Australia: a protocol for a retrospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(5):e029170.
  46. Quinn N, Palmer CS, Bernard S, Noonan M, Teague WJ. Thoracostomy in children with severe trauma: An overview of the paediatric experience in Victoria, Australia. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2020;32(1):117-26.
  47. Smith E, Walker T, Burkle FM. Lessons in Post-Disaster Self-Care From 9/11 Paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians. Prehospital Disaster Medicine. 2019;34(3):335-9.
  48. Vikke HS, Vittinghus S, Betzer M, Giebner M, Kolmos HJ, Smith K, Castrén M, Lindström V, Mäkinen M, Harve H, Mogensen CB. Hand hygiene perception and self-reported hand hygiene compliance among emergency medical service providers: a Danish survey. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitationa and Emergency Medicine. 2019;27(1):10.
  49. Vikke HS, Vittinghus S, Giebner M, Kolmos HJ, Smith K, Castrén M, Lindström V. Compliance with hand hygiene in emergency medical services: an international observational study. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2019;36(3):171.
  50. Villani M, Earnest A, Smith K, Giannopoulos D, Soldatos G, de Courten B, Zoungas S. Outcomes of people with severe hypoglycaemia requiring prehospital emergency medical services management: a prospective study. Diabetologia. 2019;62(10):1868-79.
  51. Walker K, Stephenson M, Dunlop WA, Cheong EM, Ben-Meir M. Australian private emergency departments can assist ambulance services by taking public emergency patients during surge and disasters. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2019;31(5):886-8.
  52. Wijetunga C, o donnell C, So TY, Varma D, Cameron P, Burke M, Bassed R, Smith K, Beck B. Injury Detection in Traumatic Death: Postmortem Computed Tomography vs. Open Autopsy. Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging. 2020;20:100349.
  53. Yeung T, Shannon B, Perillo S, Nehme Z, Jennings P, Olaussen A. Review article: Outcomes of patients who are not transported following ambulance attendance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2019;31(3):321-31.
  54. Zhao H, Coote S, Langenberg F, Easton D, Stephen M, Smith K, Bernard S, Desmond P, Mitchell P, Yan B, Campbell B CV, Parsons M, A’ Donnan G, Davis SM. Melbourne Mobile Stroke Unit halves workflow for acute stroke reperfusion therapy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2019; 90: A4-A5.
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