2021 Peer reviewed research publications

Published online in 2021

  1. Alqudah Z, Nehme Z, Williams B, Oteir A, Bernard S, Smith K. Impact of a trauma-focused resuscitation protocol on survival outcomes after traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An interrupted time series analysis. Resuscitation. 2021;162:104-11.
  2. Alqudah Z, Nehme Z, Williams B, Oteir A, Smith K. Survival outcomes in emergency medical services witnessed traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after the introduction of a trauma-based resuscitation protocol. Resuscitation. 2021;168:65-74.
  3. Alrawashdeh A, Nehme Z, Williams B, Smith K, Brennan A, Dinh DT, Liew D, Lefkovits J, Stub D. Impact of emergency medical service delays on time to reperfusion and mortality in STEMI. Open Heart. 2021;8(1):e001654.
  4. Andrew E, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Walker T, Smith K. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Demand for Emergency Ambulances in Victoria, Australia. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(1):23-9.
  5. Babl FE, Tavender E, Ballard DW, Borland ML, Oakley E, Cotterell E, Halkidis L, Goergen S, Davis GA, Perry D, Anderson V, Barlow KM, Barnett P, Bennetts S, Bhamjee R, Cole J, Craven J, Haskell L, Lawton B, Lithgow A, Mullen G, O'Brien S, Paproth M, Wilson CL, Ring J, Wilson A, Leo GSY, Dalziel SR, Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT). Australian and New Zealand Guideline for Mild to Moderate Head Injuries in Children. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(2):214-31.
  6. Beck B, Tack G, Cameron P, Smith K, Gabbe B. Optimizing Trauma Systems: A Geospatial Analysis of the Victorian State Trauma System. Annals of Surgery. 2023;277(2):e406-e17.
  7. Bernard S, Roggenkamp R, Delorenzo A, Stephenson M, Smith K. Use of intramuscular ketamine by paramedics in the management of severely agitated patients. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(5):875-82.
  8. Bloom JE, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Dinh DT, Fernando H, Shi WY, Vriesendorp P, Nanayakarra S, Dawson LP, Brennan A, Noaman S, Layland J, William J, Al-Fiadh A, Brooks M, Freeman M, Hutchinson A, McGaw D, Van Gaal W, Willson W, White A, Prakash R, Reid C, Lefkovits J, Duffy SJ, Chan W, Kaye DM, Stephenson M, Bernard S, Smith K, Stub D. Pre-hospital heparin use for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is safe and improves angiographic outcomes. European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2021;10(10):1140-7.
  9. Blusztein D, Dinh D, Stub D, Dawson L, Brennan A, Reid C, Smith K, Nehme Z, Andrew E, Bernard S, Lefkovits J. Predictors of hospital prenotification for STEMI and association of prenotification with outcomes. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(9):666-71.
  10. Broder JC, Gao CX, Abramson MJ, Wolfe R, Dimitriadis C, Ikin J, Sim MR, Del Monaco A, Johnston FH, Carroll M, Brown D, Smith K, Guo Y. Long-term impact of exposure to coalmine fire emitted PM2.5 on emergency ambulance attendances. Chemosphere. 2022;288:132339.
  11. Case R, Stub D, Mazzagatti E, Pryor H, Mion M, Ball J, Cartledge S, Keeble TR, Bray JE, Smith K. The second year of a second chance: Long-term psychosocial outcomes of cardiac arrest survivors and their family. Resuscitation. 2021;167:274-81.
  12. Casey M, Perera D, Enticott J, Vo H, Cubra S, Gravell A, Waerea M, Habib G. High utilisers of emergency departments: the profile and journey of patients with mental health issues. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 2021;25(3):316-24.
  13. Cheah PK, Steven EM, Ng KK, Hashim MI, Abdul Kadir MH, Roder NP. The use of dual oxygen concentrator system for mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021;14(1).
  14. Cole J, Beare R, Phan T, Srikanth V, Stub D, Smith K, Murdoch K, Layland J. Modelling STEMI service delivery: a proof of concept study. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(9):701.
  15. Cooley SR, Zhao H, Campbell BCV, Churilov L, Coote S, Easton D, Langenberg F, Stephenson M, Yan B, Desmond PM, Mitchell PJ, Parsons MW, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Yassi N. Mobile Stroke Units Facilitate Prehospital Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 2021;52(10):3163-6.
  16. Davis S, Olaussen A, Bowles KA, Shannon B. Review article: Paramedic pain management of femur fractures in the prehospital setting: A systematic review. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2021;33(4):601-9.
  17. Delorenzo A, Shepherd M, Andrew E, Jennings P, Bernard S, Smith K. Endotracheal Tube Intracuff Pressure Changes in Patients Transported by a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service: A Prospective Observational Study. Air Medical Journal. 2021;40(4):216-9.
  18. Di Toro M, Weissbacher S, Wakeling J, Stub D. The de Winter electrocardiogram pattern in a 52-year-old-male: a case report. European Heart Journal - Case Reports. 2020;4(6):1-4.
  19. Eastwood K, Howell S, Nehme Z, Finn J, Smith K, Cameron P, Stub D, Bray JE. Impact of a mass media campaign on presentations and ambulance use for acute coronary syndrome. Open Heart. 2021;8(2):e001792.
  20. Eliakundu AL, Cadilhac DA, Kim J, Andrew NE, Bladin CF, Grimley R, Dewey HM, Donnan GA, Hill K, Levi CR, Middleton S, Anderson CS, Lannin NA, Kilkenny MF. Factors associated with arrival by ambulance for patients with stroke: a multicentre, national data linkage study. Australasian Emergency Care. 2021;24(3):167-73.
  21. Emond K, Bish M, Savic M, Lubman DI, McCann T, Smith K, Mnatzaganian G. Characteristics of Confidence and Preparedness in Paramedics in Metropolitan, Regional, and Rural Australia to Manage Mental-Health-Related Presentations: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1882.
  22. Fernando H, Duong T, Huynh K, Noonan J, Shaw J, Duffy SJ, Nehme Z, Smith K, Myles PS, Meikle PJ, Peter K, Stub D. Effects of lignocaine vs. opioids on antiplatelet activity of ticagrelor: the LOCAL trial. European Heart Journal. 2021;42(39):4025-36.
  23. Fernando H, Milne C, Nehme Z, Ball J, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Myles PS, Bray JE, Lefkovits J, Liew D, Peter K, Brennan A, Dinh D, Andrew E, Taylor AJ, Smith K, Stub D. An open-label, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial of lidocAine Versus Opioids In MyocarDial Infarction study (AVOID-2 study) methods paper. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2021;105:106411.
  24. Fernando H, Nehme Z, Peter K, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Bray JE, Myles PS, Stub R, Cameron P, Ellims AH, Taylor AJ, Kaye DM, Smith K, Stub D. Association between pre-hospital chest pain severity and myocardial injury in ST elevation myocardial infarction: A post-hoc analysis of the AVOID study. International Journal of Cardiology Heart & Vasculature. 2021;37:100899.
  25. Fouche PF, Meadley B, St Clair T, Winnall A, Jennings PA, Bernard S, Smith K. The association of ketamine induction with blood pressure changes in paramedic rapid sequence intubation of out-of-hospital traumatic brain injury. Acadademic Emergency Medicine. 2021;28(10):1134-41.
  26. Fouche PF, Meadley B, StClair T, Winnall A, Stein C, Jennings PA, Bernard S, Smith K. Temporal changes in blood pressure following prehospital rapid sequence intubation. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(6):451.
  27. Gao L, Scuffham P, Ball J, Stewart S, Byrnes J. Long-term cost-effectiveness of a disease management program for patients with atrial fibrillation compared to standard care – a multi-state survival model based on a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Economics. 2021;24(1):87-95.
  28. Han M, Yeo A, Ong M, Smith K, Lim Y, Lin N, Tan B, Arulanandam S, Ho A, Ng Q. Cardiac arrest occurring in high-rise buildings: A scoping review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021 Oct; 10(20): 4684.
  29. Haskins B, Nehme Z, Ball J, Mahony E, Parker-Stebbing L, Cameron P, Bernard S, Smith K. Comparison of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Occurring in Schools and Other Public Locations: A 12-Year Retrospective Study. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(2):179-88.
  30. Haskins B, Nehme Z, Cameron PA, Smith K. Cardiac arrests in general practice clinics or witnessed by emergency medical services: a 20-year retrospective study. Medical Journal of Australia. 2021;215(5):222-7.
  31. Haskins B, Nehme Z, Dicker B, Wilson MH, Ray M, Bernard S, Cameron P, Smith K. A binational survey of smartphone activated volunteer responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Availability, interventions, and post-traumatic stress. Resuscitation. 2021;169:67-75.
  32. Holbery-Morgan L, Carew J, Angel C, Simpson N, Steinfort D, Radford S, Murphy M, Douglas N, Johnson D. Feasibility of pulse oximetry after water immersion. Resuscitation Plus. 2021;7:100147.
  33. Hook J, Smith K, Andrew E, Ball J, Nehme Z. Daylight savings time transitions and risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An interrupted time series analysis. Resuscitation. 2021;168:84-90.
  34. Howell S, Nehme Z, Eastwood K, Battaglia T, Buttery A, Bray J. The impact of COVID-19 on the Australian public's willingness to perform hands-only CPR. Resuscitation. 2021;163:26-7.
  35. Kearney J, Muir C, Smith K. Occupational injury among paramedics: a systematic review. Injury Prevention. 2022;28(2):175.
  36. Kempster K, Howell S, Bernard S, Smith K, Cameron P, Finn J, Stub D, Morley P, Bray J. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in emergency departments. Resuscitation. 2021;166:21-30.
  37. Li C, Sotomayor-Castillo C, Nahidi S, Kuznetsov S, Considine J, Curtis K, Fry M, Morgan D, Walker T, Burgess A, Carver H, Doyle B, Tran V, Varshney K, Shaban RZ. Emergency clinicians’ knowledge, preparedness and experiences of managing COVID-19 during the 2020 global pandemic in Australian healthcare settings. Australasian Emergency Care. 2021;24(3):186-96.
  38. McManamny TE, Boyd L, Sheen J, Lowthian JA. Health initiatives to reduce the potentially preventable hospitalisation of older people in rural and regional Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2022;33(3):553-65.
  39. McManamny TE, Dwyer R, Cantwell K, Boyd L, Sheen J, Smith K, Lowthian JA. Emergency ambulance demand by older adults from rural and regional Victoria, Australia. Australasian Journal of Ageing. 2022;41(1):e74-e81.
  40. Meadley B, Bowles K-A, Smith K, Perraton L, Caldwell J. Defining the characteristics of physically demanding winch rescue in helicopter search and rescue operations. Applied Ergonomics. 2021;93:103375.
  41. Meadley B, Caldwell J, Perraton L, Bonham M, Powell Wolkow A, Smith K, Williams B, Bowles KA. Reply. Occupational Medicine. 2020;70(8):610.
  42. Meadley B, Horton E, Perraton L, Smith K, Bowles KA, Caldwell J. The physiological demands of helicopter winch rescue in water and over land. Ergonomics. 2022;65(6):828-41.
  43. Meadley B, Horton E, Pyne DB, Perraton L, Smith K, Bowles K-A, Caldwell J. Comparison of swimming versus running maximal aerobic capacity in helicopter rescue paramedics. Ergonomics. 2021;64(10):1243-54.
  44. Meadley B, Perraton L, Smith K, Bonham MP, Bowles KA. Assessment of Cardiometabolic Health, Diet and Physical Activity in Helicopter Rescue Paramedics. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(3):380-90.
  45. Meadley B, Wolkow AP, Smith K, Perraton L, Bowles KA, Bonham MP. Cardiometabolic, Dietary and Physical Health in Graduate Paramedics during the First 12-Months of Practice - A Longitudinal Study. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(4):524-36.
  46. Meadley BN, Horton E, Perraton L, Smith K, Bowles KA. Physiological Response in a Specialist Paramedic During Helicopter Winch Rescue in Remote Wilderness and Extreme Heat. Journal of Special Operations Medicine. 2021;21(3):41-4.
  47. Mion M, Case R, Smith K, Lilja G, Blennow Nordström E, Swindell P, Nikolopoulou E, Davis J, Farrell K, Gudde E, Karamasis GV, Davies JR, Toff WD, Abella BS, Keeble TR. Follow-up care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A pilot study of survivors and families' experiences and recommendations. Resuscitation Plus. 2021;7:100154.
  48. Mitra B, Bernard S, Gantner D, Burns B, Reade MC, Murray L, Trapani T, Pitt V, McArthur C, Forbes A, Maegele M, Gruen RL. Protocol for a multicentre prehospital randomised controlled trial investigating tranexamic acid in severe trauma: the PATCH-Trauma trial. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3):e046522.
  49. Naccarella L, Saxton D, Lugg E, Marley J. It takes a community to save a life in cardiac arrest: Heart safe community pilots, Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2022;33(1):99-105.
  50. Nehme Z, Ball J, Stephenson M, Walker T, Stub D, Smith K. Effect of a resuscitation quality improvement programme on outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2021;162:236-44.
  51. Nehme Z, Burns S, Ball J, Bernard S, Smith K. The impact of ventricular fibrillation amplitude on successful cardioversion, resuscitation duration, and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Critical Care Resuscitation. 2021;23(2):202-10.
  52. Nehme Z, Smith K. It's time to talk about the 'prevention of resuscitation'. Resuscitation. 2021;163:191-2.
  53. Nehme Z, Stub D, Smith K. Early transport for ECMO or on-scene resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests? Resuscitation. 2021;160:37-8.
  54. Nehme Z, Stub D. Triage of post-cardiac arrest patients: To PCI or not to PCI, that is the question. Resuscitation. 2022;170:335-8.
  55. Nielsen S, Sanfilippo PG, Scott D, Lam T, Smith K, Lubman DI. Characteristics of oxycodone-related ambulance attendances: analysis of temporal trends and the effect of reformulation in Victoria, Australia from 2013 to 2018. Addiction. 2021;116(8):2233-41.
  56. Ogeil RP, Scott D, Faulkner A, Wilson J, Beard N, Smith K, Manning V, Lubman DI. Changes in alcohol intoxication-related ambulance attendances during COVID-19: How have government announcements and policies affected ambulance call outs? The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific. 2021;14:100222.
  57. Olaussen A, Abetz J, Qin KR, Mitra B, O'Reilly G. Misleading medical literature: An observational study. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2022;34(1):39-45.
  58. Paratz ED, Smith K, Ball J, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Stub D, Liew D, La Gerche A. The economic impact of sudden cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2021;163:49-56.
  59. Pilcher D, Coatsworth NR, Rosenow M, McClure J. A national system for monitoring intensive care unit demand and capacity: the Critical Health Resources Information System (CHRIS). Medical Journal of Australia. 2021;214(7):297-8.e1.
  60. Pilcher DV, Duke G, Rosenow M, Coatsworth N, O’Neill G, Tobias TA, McGloughlin S, Holley A, Warrillow S, Cattigan C, Huckson S, Sberna G, McClure J. Assessment of a novel marker of ICU strain, the ICU Activity Index, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia. Critical Care Resuscitation. 2021;23(3):300-7.
  61. Rehman S, Chandra RV, Lai LT, Asadi H, Dubey A, Froelich J, Thani N, Nichols L, Blizzard L, Smith K, Thrift AG, Stirling C, Callisaya M, Breslin M, Reeves MJ, Gall S. Adherence to evidence-based processes of care reduces one-year mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2021;428:117613.
  62. Richardson ASC, Tonna JE, Nanjayya V, Nixon P, Abrams DC, Raman L, Bernard S, Finney SJ, Grunau B, Youngquist ST, McKellar SH, Shinar Z, Bartos JA, Becker LB, Yannopoulos D, Bˇelohlávek J, Lamhaut L, Pellegrino V. Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults. Interim Guideline Consensus Statement From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. ASAIO Journal. 2021;67(3):221-8.
  63. Schumann J, Perkins M, Dietze P, Nambiar D, Mitra B, Gerostamoulos D, Drummer OH, Cameron P, Smith K, Beck B. The prevalence of alcohol and other drugs in fatal road crashes in Victoria, Australia. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021;153:105905.
  64. Scott D, Ogeil RP, Maoyeri F, Heilbronn C, Coomber K, Smith K, Miller PG, Lubman DI. Alcohol Accessibility and Family Violence-related Ambulance Attendances. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2022;37(13-14)
  65. Sharobeam A, Yan B. Advanced imaging in acute ischemic stroke: an updated guide to the hub-and-spoke hospitals. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2022;35(1):24-30.
  66. Sharrock MK, Shannon B, Garcia Gonzalez C, Clair TS, Mitra B, Noonan M, Fitzgerald PM, Olaussen A. Prehospital paramedic pleural decompression: A systematic review. Injury. 2021;52(10):2778-86.
  67. Stehli J, Dinh D, Dagan M, Duffy SJ, Brennan A, Smith K, Andrew E, Nehme Z, Reid CM, Lefkovits J, Stub D, Zaman S. Sex Differences in Prehospital Delays in Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2021;10(13):e019938.
  68. Tan E, Gao L, Tran HN, Cadilhac D, Bladin C, Moodie M. Telestroke for acute ischaemic stroke: A systematic review of economic evaluations and a de novo cost-utility analysis for a middle income country. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2024;30(1):18-30.
  69. Ting A, Smith K, Wilson CL, Babl FE, Hopper SM. Pre-hospital intraosseous use in children: Indications and success rate. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2022;34(1):120-1.
  70. Villani M, Nehme Z, Burns S, Ball J, Smith K. Detailed post-resuscitation debrief reports: A novel example from a large EMS system. Resuscitation. 2021;162:70-2.
  71. Walker K, Jiarpakdee J, Loupis A, Tantithamthavorn C, Joe K, Ben-Meir M, Akhlaghi H, Hutton J, Wang W, Stephenson M, Blecher G, Paul B, Sweeny A, Turhan B. Emergency medicine patient wait time multivariable prediction models: a multicentre derivation and validation study. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;39(5):386-93.
  72. Walker KJ, Jiarpakdee J, Loupis A, Tantithamthavorn C, Joe K, Ben-Meir M, Akhlaghi H, Hutton J, Wang W, Stephenson M, Blecher G, Buntine P, Sweeny A, Turhan B. Predicting Ambulance Patient Wait Times: A Multicenter Derivation and Validation Study. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2021;78(1):113-22.
  73. Walker M, d'Arville A, Lacey J, Lancman B, Moloney J, Hendel S. Mass casualty, intentional vehicular trauma and anaesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2022;128(2):e190-e9.
  74. Witt K, Pirkis J, Scott D, Smith K, Lubman D. Trajectories in suicide attempt method lethality over a five-year period: Associations with suicide attempt repetition, all-cause, and suicide mortality. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245780.
  75. Yassi N, Zhao H, Churilov L, Campbell BCV, Wu T, Ma H, Cheung A, Kleinig T, Brown H, Choi P, Jeng JS, Ranta A, Wang HK, Cloud GC, Grimley R, Shah D, Spratt N, Cho DY, Mahawish K, Sanders L, Worthington J, Clissold B, Meretoja A, Yogendrakumar V, Ton MD, Dang DP, Phuong NTM, Nguyen HT, Hsu CY, Sharma G, Mitchell PJ, Yan B, Parsons MW, Levi C, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Tranexamic acid for intracerebral haemorrhage within 2 hours of onset: protocol of a phase II randomised placebo-controlled double-blind multicentre trial. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2022;7(2):158-65.
  76. Zhao H, Campbell BCV, Foster S, Stephenson M, Coote S, Langenberg F, Easton D, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Advances in pre-hospital care - operational experiences from the Melbourne mobile stroke unit. Vessel Plus. 2021;5:10.
  77. Zhao H, Smith K, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Ma H, Chandra RV, Phan T, Bladin CF, Churilov L, Crompton D, Dewey HM, Wijeratne T, Cloud G, Thijs V, Kleinig TJ, Ng JL, Williams C, Alemseged F, Ng F, Mitchell PJ, Parsons MW, Yassi N, Davis SM, Campbell BCV. Utility of Severity-Based Prehospital Triage for Endovascular Thrombectomy. Stroke. 2021;52(1):70-9.

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